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Allergies
Updated! List of allergens, sensitizers, tests.
| accelerators | Compounds that increase the rate of a chemical reaction; allergens are carbamates, mercaptobenzothiazoles, thiuram mix |
airborne contact allergens | Most common; burning poison ivy, oak, or sumac, pollen, ragweed |
allergans, most common | balsam of Peru, benzocaine, cosmetics, ethylenediamine hydrochloride, mercurochrome, mercaptobenzothiazole, neomycin, nickel, perfumes, poison ivy, poison oak, potassium dichromate, thimerosal |
| allyl disulfide | allergen in garlic & onion |
| alpha amyl cinnamic alcohol | Component of fragrance mix; allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
| ammoniated mercury | Formerly used as antibacterial; now used in patch tests for mercury sensitivity. |
| ammonium persulfate | Cause of contact urticaria; in hair bleaches. |
antibiotic allergy | Most commonly; neomycin, penicillin, streptomycin |
antibiotic patch-test series | ampicillin 5% aq., bacitracin 20% in pet., chloramphenicol 5% in pet., clindamycin 1% aq., erythromycin 5% in pet., furacin 0.2% in pet., garamycin 20% in pet., lincomycin 1% aq., mafenide 5% in pet., neomycin 20% in pet. nystatin 100,000 units/mL in alcohol, penicillin 100,000 units/ml, polymxin B 3% in pet., sodium fusidate 2% in pet., streptomycin 2.5% aq. sol., sulfanilamide 5% in pet., tetracycline 5% in pet., tetracycline 5% in pet., tobramycin 20% in pet. |
| antioxidant allergen | paraphenylendiamine |
arsenic-containing | Asiatic pills, DeValagin’s solution, Donovan’s solution (arsenic triiodide), Fowler’s solution (arsenious acid) |
| atranorin | In fragrances. One of main allergens in oak moss absolute. |
| balsam of Peru | Complex organic compound resin from Myroxolon balsamum, a tree native to El Salvador. Found in dental agents, fixatives, flavoring of drinks and tobacco, fragrances, topical medications. Cross reacts with balsam of Tolu, benzoates, cinnamates, colophony, styrax, tincture of benzoin. Allergic reaction results from benzoic esters, cinnamic esters, and vannilin. Photosensitizer. Allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
| balsam of Tolu | Resin from Myroxylon toluifera, a tree native to northern South America used medicinally. Allergic reaction to organic compounds; benzoic esters, cinnamic esters, and vannilin. A close relative (cross-reacts) with balsam of Peru. |
| benzoate | diet drinks, Dr. Pepper, Mello Yello, Mountain Dew, packaged foods |
| benzophenone-3 | In sunscreens |
| BHA | Butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl methoxy phenol; antioxidant used in fats and oils, food packaging, medication preservative. |
| BHT | Butyl hydroxytoluene; common preservative; antioxidant in food products, animal feed, plastic, rubber, jet fuel. |
| bisphenol A | see epoxy resin |
| black jack dermatitis | chromate allergy (on elbows & forearms) from green felt blackjack table |
black-rubber mix | In rubber; may cross react with hair dyes (phenylenediamine). Found in boot, cane tip, eyeglass holder, glove (black rubber), knee-high stocking rubber ring, money counter, scuba mask, shoe, squash ball, tire, truncheon, underwear elastic, wind surfing board |
| bronopol | Preservative in barrier creams, coolants, cosmetics, hair preparations, industrial hand cleaners, shampoo. |
| budesonide | a glucocorticoid |
| caine mix | Combination of benzocaine, dibucaine hydochloride, and tetracaine hydrochloride. Used in dentistry and topical anti-itch, anti-pain medications; increased chance of sensitization due to use in inflamed skin. In cough syrups and hemorrhoidal preparations. Allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
carba mix | Used as accelerator in pesticides, rubber, rubber glues, vinyl. 1,3-diphenylguanidine, diethydithiocarbamate, dibutyldithiocarbamate (natural rubber latex in shoes) |
| cashew | cashew nut shells contain a phenolic resin (anacardic acid) that is an allergen |
cement dermatitis | cobalt, dichromate, nickel |
chelitis, allergic | carrots, coffee, menthol, orange peel |
| chlorhexidine digluconate | Antimicobial in cosmetics, dentistry, pharmaceuticals, surgical scrubs, toothpaste. Photosensitizer. |
| p-Chloro-m-cresol | Antimicrobial (esp. antifungal) in baby products, coolants, pharmaceuticals, shampoos, topical antiseptics |
| p-Chloro-m-xylenol | Common antimicrobial in cosmetics, coolants, deoderant soaps, hair conditioner, protective creams |
| chromate | In bleaches, cement, chromic catgut, chrome-tanned shoes, detergents, hide glue, match heads |
| cinnamic alcohol | Used in cosmetics, flavorings, perfumes (lilac scent), soaps. A component of balsam of Peru. Component of fragrance mix; allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
| cinnamic aldehyde | Cause of contact urticaria and 'systemic' contact dermatitis. Found in flavorings (cassia oil), food, gum, mouthwash, pungent perfumes, soap. Component of fragrance mix; allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
| cobalt dichloride | In cement, metal, metal-plated objects, paint. Co-reactive (but not cross reactive) with nickel. Allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
| cocamidopropyl betaine | amphoteric surfactant; allergen in cosmetics such as shampoos, bath gels |
| colophony | AKA rosin. Used by baseball batters, bowlers, violinists. In adhesives, cosmetics, lacquers, paper, soldering flux, varnishes. |
Compositae family | see sesquiterpene lactone containing plants |
corticosteroid classes, based on cross-reactivity | Class A: hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone with C17 or C21 acetate ester, methylprednisolone +/- acetate, prednisone, prednisolone +/- acetate, tixocortol pivalate Class B: amcinonide, budesonide, desonide, flucinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, halcinonide, triamcinolone Class C: betamethasone (not valerate), betamethasone & disodium phosphate, desoxymethasone, dexamethasone & disodium phosphate, flucortolone Class D: aclomethasone dipropionate, betamethasone valerate & dipropionate, clobetasol propionate & butyrate, fluocortolone hexanoate & pivalate, hydrocortisone-17 butyrate, hydrocortisone butyrate & valerate, prenicarbate |
corticosteroids, paraben-free | Dermolate anti-itch cream, Dermolate scalp itch lotion, Hytone cream, Rhulicort cream & lotion |
cosmetic ingredients | fragrance, lanolin, Quaternium 15 |
| cross-reaction | see sensitizers and corticosteroid classes |
| diazolidinyl urea (Germall II) | Common preservative in cosmetics, creams, hair products, lotions, shampoo |
| dimethyglyoxime (1%) | A test for presence of nickel; drops added to unknown metal--red precipitate indicates >1:10,000 concentration. |
| DMDM hydantoin | A preservative that is a formaldehyde donor; in cosmetics, hair conditioners, shampoos, skin care products, soaps. |
douche sensitizers | benzethonium chloride, eucalyptus oil, methyl salicylate, oxyquinoline, perfumes, phenylmercuric acetate, thymol |
eczema, delayed & urticaria | see urticaria & delayed eczema |
eczematous contact dermatitis | Common causes: alcohol, balsam of Peru, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, cinnamic aldehyde, cobalt chloride, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid |
elderly, common sensitizers | dichromates, nickel, paraphenylenediamine, poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, ragweed, rubber |
| epichlorhydrin | see epoxy resin |
| epoxy resin | Allergen in T.R.U.E. test. Based on bisphenol A and epichlorhydrin. Sensitizes only when incompletely cured. |
| ester anesthetics | Cross react with azo dyes, PABA, paraphenylenediamine, sulfonamides |
| ethylenediamine dihydrochloride | Emulsifier and stabilizer. Contained in anticorrosion agents, asphalt, eyedrops, fungicides, hair dyes, insecticides, plastic curing agents, resins, rubber, solvents, topical medications, waxes. Cross reacts with aminophylline, hydroxyzine, meclizine. Allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
| eugenol | Common in essential oils (clove oil), flavorings (clove), medications (asthma inhalants), perfumes (carnation). Used in dentistry as topical antiseptic. Component of fragrance mix; allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
eyeglass frame dermatitis | azo dyes, beeswax-turpentine mixture, butyl acrylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, epoxy resin, ethyl acetate, ethylene blycol, ethylene oxide, nickel, p-tert-butylphenol, phenyl salicylate, resorcinol monobenzoate, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate |
eyelid dermatitis | cosmetics, nail polish (toluene sulfonamide/formaldehyde resin) |
| formaldehyde | Released by quaternium 15 and occasionaly by imidazolidinyl urea. In adhesives, glues, plastics, resin for clothing. |
formaldehyde-containing | antiperspirants apparel: anti-wrinkle, anti-static, chamois, chlorine resistant, mildew resistant, moth-proof finish, permanent press, screen prints, suede, wash & wear, waterproof finish cements & pastes cleaning fluids, dry cleaning cosmetics: bath oil, bubble bath, fingernail polish, shampoo, wave sets, fixatives embalming fluid medications: anhidrotics, contraceptives, denatured alcohol, methenamine, mouthwashes, orthopedic casts, renal dialysis, tanning agents, wart removers paints, polishes, preservatives phenolic resins & urea plastics (buttons, jewelry, adhesives, footwear) photographic plates and chemicals smoke from burning charcoal, cigarettes, cigars, coal, wood toxoids & vaccines |
| formaldehyde-releasing preservatives | 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, diazolidinyl urea (Germall II), 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane, DMDM hydantoin, imidazolidinyl urea (Germall 115), quaternium-15 (Dowicil 200) |
| fragrance mix | Most common cosmetic allergy. In T.R.U.E. test. Contains alpha amyl cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic aldeyde, cinnamic alcohol, oak moss absolute, hydroxycitronellal, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol. These are found in after-shave, cosmetics, scented household products, shampoos, soaps, toiletries. |
| garlic/onion sensitizer | allyl disulfide |
| geraniol | AKA rhodinol. Obtained from geranium oil; greatest component of oil of rose and palmarosa oil. Used in detergents, flavorings, insect repellants, soaps. Component of fragrance mix; allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
| Germall II | AKA diazolidinyl urea; common preservative in cosmetics, creams, hair products, lotions, shampoo |
| glutaraldehyde | Antimicrobial common in medicine and dentistry (cold sterilization). Leather tanner and photographic gelatin hardener. |
| glycerol thioglycolate | Permanent wave hair solution |
hairdressers | para-phenylenediamine, nickel, glyceryl monothioglycolate, formaldehyde, hair dyes, perfumes, rubber gloves |
hand dermatitis; foods | corn, fruit juice, pineapple, wet foods |
| Hermal test | see patch test |
histamines | beefsteak, cheese, chicken liver, eggplant, spinach, tomatoes, wine (red) |
| hydroxycitronellal | Used as fixative in cosmetics, perfumes, flavoring agent, fragrance (lily of the valley), pesticides, soaps. FDA approved for use in foods. Component of fragrance mix; allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
hypersensitivity reactions | Type I (IgE-dependent); IgE mast cell degranulation; pruritus, urticaria, anaphylaxis Type II (cytotoxic); hapten binding to tissue proteins, drug-antibody complex formation Type III (immune complex); drug-antibody conjugates enter circulation; serum sickness, immune complex vasculitis, occurs 7-10 days after exposure Type IV (cell-mediated, delayed hypersensitivity); T-lymphocyte mediated with release of lymphokines; allergic contact dermatitis |
| imidazolidinyl urea | Common preservative in cosmetics; creams, deoderant, hair conditioner, lotions, shampoo. Weak formaldehyde releaser. AKA Germall 115 |
| isoeugenol | Flavoring agent and in perfumes. Component of fragrance mix; allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
| isothiazolinone | In cosmetics and skin care products, industrial fluids and greases, medications, household cleaners. |
jewelry | nickel sensitivity most common, also gold |
| Jones-Mote reaction | cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity; observed in animal models of ACD |
| Kathon CG | AKA methylchloroisothiazolinone; non-formaldehyde releasing preservative found in cosmetics. |
| lanolin | In wool alcohol, wool fat, wool grease, wool wax |
| lanolin sensitivity | Low in normal skin, moderate in eczema, high in venous dermatitis and ulcers. |
| latex allergy | Cross react with figs, pollen. Increased incidence in spina bifida patients, health care workers. Major allergens b1 to b8. From Henea brasiliensis tree. |
leather | chromates |
lemon, orange peel | limonene |
leukoderma, contact | butylcatechol, para-tertiary butylphenol, phenolic detergents |
mercaptobenzothiazole | In adhesives, black tires, cleansers, coolants, detergents, fungicides, greases, photographic film emulsion, rubber, rubberized fabrics (bras & girdles), shoes, veterinarian medicaments |
| mercapto mix | In coolants, glues, industrial products, rubber. |
metals | chromium, nickel |
| musk ambrette | perfume fixative--causes photoallergic dermatitis and ACD; found in detergents, fragrance, lotions, soap. |
nail polish | toluene sulfonamide/formaldehyde resin |
neomycin cross-reactors | butirosin, gentamicin, kanamycin, paromomycin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin |
neomycin-sensitive patients | Substitute betadine, Bactroban, ilotycin |
| neomycin sulfate | Aminoglycoside antibiotic; most common topical antibiotic allergen (approx. 5% of persons are sensitive). Delayed patch test reading up to 4-5 days. Allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
| nickel sulfate | Very common sensitizer (approx. 10% of women). In alloys, dentures, eating utensils, eyeglass frames, jewelery, orthopedic appliances, pigments, scissors, razors. Allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
| North American series | Standard series patch test (2007-8) contains: 1. Benzocaine 2. Mercaptobenzothiazole 3. Colophony 4. P-phenylenediamine 5. Imidazolidinyl urea 6. Fragrance mix II 7. Lanolin alcohol 8. Carba mix 9. Neomycin sulfate 10. Thiuram mix 11. Formaldehyde 12. Ethylenediamine dihydrochloride 13. Bisphenol A epoxy resin 14. Quaternium-15 15. p-tert-Buthylphenol formaldehyde resin 16. Mercapto mix 17. Black rubber mix 18. Potassijm dichromate 19. Myroxylon perelrae (Balsam of Peru) 20. Nickel sulfate 21. Diazolidinyl urea 22. DMDM hydantoin 23. Imidazolidinyl urea 24. Bacitracin 25. Mixed dialkyl thioureas 26. Methylchloroisothiazolinone /methylisothiazolinone 27. Paraben mix 28. Cinnamic aldehyde 29. Fragrance mix 30. Amidoamine 31. 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol 32. Sesquiterpene lactone mix 33. 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate 34. Propylene glycol 35. Benzophenone-3 36. Chloroxylenol (PCMX) 37. DMDM hydantoin 38. Diazolidinyl urea 39. 40. Methyldibromoglutaronitrile/phenoxyethanol 41. Benzyl alcohol 42. dl alpha tocopherol 43. 44. Ethyl acrylate 45. Glyceryl thioglycolate 46. Tosylamide formaldehyde resin 47. Methyl methacrylate 48. Cobalt chloride 49. Tixocortol-21-pivalate 50. Budesonide 51. Hydrocortisone-17-butyrate 52. Disperse blue 106 53. 54. Lidocaine 55. 56. Clobetasol 17 propionate 57. Cocamidopropyl betaine 58. Bisphenol F epoxy resin 59. Triamcinolone acetonide 60. Dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea 61. Cocamide DEA 62. Compositae mix 63. Glutaral 64. Tea tree oil, oxidized 65. ylang-ylang oil |
| oak moss absolute | In after-shave (woodsy odor) and perfumes. Component of fragrance mix; allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
| paraben | preservative with low sensitization of <0.5%; used in cosmetics, drugs, packaged mixes, salad dressing, TV dinners |
paraphenylenediamine | Black hair dye; frequent cause of contact dermatitis in hairdresser’s hands. Used in photography, printer's ink, rubber vulcanization. Cross reacts with benzocaine, ester anesthetics, PABA, sulfonamides |
patch test (standard) | Hermal contains; medications; benzocaine, neomycin sulfate preservatives; imidazolidinyl urea, quaternium-15, formaldehyde rubber compounds; thiuram mix, mercaptobenzothiazole, carba mix, black rubber IPPD, mercapto mix vehicle; lanolin alcohol metals; nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate fragrances; cinnamic aldehyde, balsam of Peru resins; epoxy, p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde, colophony miscellaneous; ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, p-phenylenediamine T.R.U.E. test (Thin-layer Rapid Use Epicutaneous Test) contains; medication; quinoline mix, caine mix, neomycin sulfate preservatives; paraben mix, Cl Me isothiasolinone, thimerosal, quaternium-15, formaldehyde rubber compounds; thiuram mix, mercaptobenzothiazole, carba mix, black rubber PPD mix, mercapto mix vehicles; wood alcohol metals; cobalt chloride, nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate fragrances; fragrance mix, balsam of Peru resins; epoxy, p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde, colophony miscellaneous; ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, p-phenylenediamine |
patch test grading | ?; doubtful reaction manifested by faint erythema +1; weak positive reaction manifested by infiltrated erythema with possible papules +2; strong reaction showing papules & vesicles +3; extreme reaction with confluent bullae |
| phenylenediamine | In hair dyes, inks, photodevelopers, textile dyes |
photoallergic dermatitis | antibiotic/antifungal; bithionol, fenticlor, jadit, multifungin, salicylanilides (halogenated) fragrances; 6-methylcoumarin,musk ambrette medications; chlorpromazine, piroxicam, promethazine, sulfanilamide miscellaneous; plants of the Compositae family, diphenhydramine, psoralen, sandalwood, stilbenes, sulfonylureas, thiazides sunscreens; benzophenone, digalloyltrioleate, PABA esters |
| photocontact dermatitis | Psoralen-containing foods and contactants most likely. |
phototoxic reaction producing | coal-tar: acridine, anthracene, phenanthrene drugs: phenothiazines, sulfonamides dyes: acridine orange, acriflavine, anthraquinone, dibromofluorescein, eosin, methylene blue, neutral red, rose bengal, toluidine blue furocoumarins: psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, 4,5,8-trimethylpsoralen |
phytophotodermatitis-causing | Compositae: milfoil, stinking mayweed, yarrow Moraceae: figs Papilionaceae: psoralen Rutaceae: bergamot, bitter orange, burning bush, fraxinella, gas plant, lemon, lime, Persian lime Umbelliferae: angelica, carrot, chervil (wild), cow parsley, dill, fennel, giant hogweed, lovage, masterwort, parsnip |
plastic | acrylic nails, resins (epoxy & formaldehyde), nail lacquer |
poison ivy, oak | catechols, urushiol (Rhus plants) see Toxicodendron |
| potassium dicromate | Most chromium allergies are due to this compound, a hexavalent form of chromium. In anticorrosives, cement, detergents (some), electroplating solutions, glues, leather tanning, paints, photography developing, pigments, safety matches. Allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
preservatives in food | benzoic acid, calcium propionate, citric acid, monoglycerol citrate, parabens, polysorbate, quaiac gum, sodium benzoate, sodium bisulfite, sorbic acid |
| propylene glycol | Common cosmetic and pharmaceutical base vehicle. Used in food as coloring solvent and for flavoring. Inhibits fungal growth. Used as a humectant and in industrial coolants. |
| psoralen-containing | buckwheat, buttercup, carrot, celery, clover, cocklebur, dill, ferns, figs, goose foot, greens, limes, lemons, meadow grass, parsley |
| purpuric ACD | benzoyl peroxide, cobalt, disperse blue dye, epoxy resin, methylmethacrylate, para-phenylenediamine, |
| rhus plants genus, species | Family: Anacardiaceae Rhus toxicodendron: poison ivy Rhus diversilobium: poison oak Rhus vernix: poison sumac |
| rubber accelerators | carbamate, mercaptothiobendazole, thiurams |
| rubber allergy | actually, is most common due to accelerators in rubber |
| quaternium | Preservative in cosmetics, household cleaners and polishes; formaldehyde releaser. |
| quaternium-15 | formaldehyde-releasing preservative (AKA Dowicil 200) |
| quinoline mix | Allergen in T.R.U.E. test; contains clioquinol and chlorquinaldol, antibiotics found in creams, medicated bandages, ointments, vetenarian products. |
| rhodinol | see geraniol |
rhus-containing | Brazilian pepper, cashews, gingko tree, Indian marking nut, poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, Japanese lacquer tree, mango, rengas tree |
rosacea (potential triggers) | activity/emotions: anxiety, exercise, stress beverages: alcohol (esp. beer, bourbon, champagne, gin, red wine, vodka), hot drinks (all kinds) foods: avocados, bananas, broad leaf beans and pods (navy, lima, pea), cheese (except cottage cheese), chocolate, citrus fruits, eggplant, figs, foods high in histamine, liver, plums (red), raisins, sour cream, soy sauce, spicy foods, spinach, thermally hot foods, tomatoes, vanilla, vinegar, yeast extract, yogurt medications: vasodilators, topical steroids medical conditions: chronic cough, menopause skin care products: acetone, fragrances, hydro-alcohol, witch hazel temperatures: hot baths, hot tubs, overheating, saunas weather: cold weather, hot weather, humidity, strong winds, sun |
| rosin | AKA colophony. Used by baseball batters, bowlers, violinists. In adhesives, cosmetics, lacquers, paper, soldering flux, varnishes. |
sensitized to: may be sensitive to/flares with | benzocaine: azo dyes, PAS, procaine, sulfa ethylenediamine: tripelennamine/pyribenzamine, pyrilamine/Triaminic, piperazine, hydroxyzine groups (aminophylline, Merthiolate, Mycolog) formaldehyde: methenamine iodine: contrast agents, SSKI neomycin: aminoglycosides PABA: azo dyes, PAS, procaine, sulfa poison ivy: mangoes PPD: azo dyes, PAS, procaine, sulfa thiuram: disulfiram |
sensitizers, topical that may provoke reaction upon systemic administration | balsam of Peru, caladryl, chlorobutanol, cobalt, diphenhydramine, disulfiram, ethylenediamine hydrochloride, ethyl aminobenzoate, formaldehyde, halogenated hydroxyquinolones, hydrazine hydrobromide, iodine, mercurials (organic & inorganic), metallic mercury, neomycin, paraphenylenediamine, resorcinol, thiamin, thiram |
sensitizers; topical that may sensitize & related medications that may produce contact-type dermatitis | alcohol: alcoholic beverages aminophylline suppositories: ethylenediamine antihistamine ammoniated mercury: organic & inorganic mercurials, mercury amalgam antistine drops: ethylenediamine antihistamines arnica (tincture): elixir terpene hydrate balsam of Peru: benzoin inhalation Benadryl; dramamine benxocaine: see para-amino compounds bismark brown: see para-amino compounds disphenol A: diethylstilbestrol caladryl cream: benadryl, dramamine chlorobutanol: chloralhydrate chloroquin: atabrine cobalt chloride: vitamin B12 epoxy amine hardener: ethylenediamine antihistamine, aminophylline ethylenediamine hydrochloride: ethylenediamine antihistamines formaldehyde: urotropin, mandelamine, urised glyceryl PABA sunscreens: see para-amino compounds halogenated hydroxyquinolines: vioform, dioquin hydralizine hydrochloride: isoniazid, apresoline, nardil iodine: iodides, iodinated organic compounds mercurochrome: see mercury mercury:mercurial diuretics, calomel, mercury amalgam methylene blue: phenothiazines neomycin sulfate: streptomycin, kanamycin, framycetin, paranomycin orange peel oil: elixir terpene hydrate para-amino compounds: PABA, azo dyes, Dymelor, Orinase, Diabinese, sulfonamides, Diuril, Hydrodiuril, Saluron, renese, para-aminosalicylic acid phenothiazine: phenergan quinilor compound: vioform, dioquin resorcin: hexylresorcinal thiram, disulfram: antabuse triethylenetetramine: ethylenediamine antihistamine, aminophylline turpentine-cardamon flavor: elixir terpene hydrate |
sesquiterpene lactone containing plants | arnica, artichoke, bitterweed, boneset, broomweed, burdock, burrobrush, capeweed, chamomile, champaca, chicory, chrysanthemum, cocklebur, cosmos, costus, cottonthistle, encelia, feverfew, fireweed, fleabane, guayule, hempweed, ironweed, laurel oil, leafcup, lettuce, liverwort, marguerite, marigold, marsh elder, oxeye, pyrethrum, ragweed, sagebrush, sneezeweed, sowthistle, starthistle, stinkwort, sunflower, tansy, tulip tree, whitewood, wormwood, yarrow |
shoe dermatitis | mercaptobenzothiazole, tetraethylthiuram, potassium dichromate, para-tertiary butylphenol formaldehyde |
| sorbitan sesquioleate | Emulsifier and stabilizer in agricultural chemicals, cosmetics, drugs, foods, plastics, textiles |
spermicide sensitizers | hexylresorcinol, nonoxyl, oxyquinoline sulfate, phenylmercuric acitate, phenylmercuric borate, quinine hydrochloride |
spices; eczematous dermatitis | capsicum, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, cloves, laurel, mace, nutmeg, vanilla |
| steroid groups | Group A: hydrocortisone, methyprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone, tixocortal pivalate Group B: amcinonice, budesonide, desonide, fluocinolone, halcinonide, triamcinolone Group C: desoximetasone, diflucorolone-21-valcrate, halometasone, betamethasone Group D: betamethasone17,21-diproprionate, betame3thasone-17-valerate, budesonide, clobetasol, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate |
sunscreens | PABA |
systemic dermatitis | alcohol, aminophylline, azo dyes, benzocaine, calomel, chloral hydrate, cinnamon, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dramamine, ethylenediamine (Phenergan), formaldehyde, hydralazine, hydrazine, iodine, isoniazid, mandelamine, mercurials, methenamine, Nardil, neomycin, oral hypoglycemic agents, PABA, para-phenylenediamine, p-aminosalicylic acid, penicillin, phenothiazines, procaine, potassium iodide, procainamide, quinine, quinidine, resorcinol, saccharin, silvadene, streptomycin, sulfonamides, thiamin, thiuram, vitamin B12 |
textiles | azo dyes |
| thimerosal | Organic mercurial preservative in contact lens solution, cosmetics, disinfectants, injectables, vaccines, Ig preparations, nose and ear drops. |
thiuram | #1 cause of glove-induced hand dermatitis. Common rubber allergen in adhesives, disinfectants, fungicides, germicides, insecticides, lubricating oils, medications (Antabuse), neoprene, neoprene adhesives, pesticides, polyolefin plastics, putty, repellents, latex preservative, rubber vulcanization accelerators, shampoo, soap |
| tixocortal pivalate | testing agent for Group A steroid sensitivity |
Toxicodendron plants | poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), poison oak (Toxicodendron quercifolium), poison oak (Toxicodendron diversiloba), poison sumac (Toxicodendron vernix) relatives; black varnish tree, Brazilian pepper, cashew nut tree, el litre tree, ginko tree, Japanese lacquer tree, mango, marking nut tree (India), pepeo tree, rengas tree |
| T.R.U.E. test | Thin-layer Rapid Use Epicutaneous Test; see patch test |
ulcers, agents may cause sensitization | ethylenediamine hydrochloride, lanolin, neomycin, nitrofurazone, paraben preservatives, Vitamin E creams |
urticaria | cholinergic: emotional stress, exercise, heat foods: bananas, caffeine, cheese, chocolate, citrus, coffee, cow milk, eggs, fish, grapes, mushrooms, nuts, pork, shellfish, strawberries, tomatoes, vegetables, wheat, yeast fermentation (alcohol) fungus: dermatophytes, candidiasis infection; dental, sinus, tonsillar, gallbladder, GI, GU inhalants: pollens, mold, feather down, smoke, volatile chemicals, animal dander, spores, aerosols, dust injectants: blood, insect stings, vaccines insects: bedbugs, mites, fleas medications: amidopyrine, antibiotics, aspirin, atropine, cocaine, codeine, ibuprofen, indomethacin, mefanamic acid, morphine, penicillin, phenylbutazone, pilocarpine, polymyxin B, quinine, sodium benzoate, sulindac, tartrazine (FDA yellow dye, No. 5), thiamin parasites: amebiasis, Ancylostoma, Ascaris, Echinococcus, Fasciola, Filariae, giardiasis, malaria, Schistosoma, Strongyloides, Trichinella, Toxocara physical: cold, heat, pressure, solar, vibration, water viral: hepatitis B, infectious mononucleosis, coxsackie |
urticaria & delayed eczema | acrylic acid, ammonium persulfate, benzocaine, castor bean, cinnamic aldehyde, endive, epoxy resin, latex, lemon perfume, lettuce, nickel, rhodium, platinum, rubber, sorbic acid, teak, vinyl pyridine |
urticaria, cold | cryoglobulinemia, cryofibrinogenemia, cold hemolysins, syphilis, connective tissue d., hematopoietic malignancy |
urticaria, contact | animals: arthropods, cockroach, dander, guinea pig, hair, jellyfish, saliva (dog, rat) antibiotics: bacitracin, cephalosporin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, neomycin, penicillin, rifamycin, streptomycin chemicals: acrylic monomer, aliphatic polyamine, aminophenazone, aminothiazole, ammonia, ammonium persulfate, balsam of Peru, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, benzophenone, butyl-hydroxytoluene, camphor, CaOCl2, cassia oil, cetyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, cinnamic aldehyde, clioquinol, cobalt chloride, diethyltoluamide, dimethylsulfoxide, diphenylcyclopropenone, epoxy resin, ethyl aminobenzoate, lanolin, lindane, formaldehyde, menthol, monoamylamine, NaOCl, parabens (ethyl, methyl), polyethylene glycol 3-400, polysorbate, phenyl mercuric propionate, p-aminodiphhenylamine, platinum salts, salicylic acid, sorbic acid, stearyl alcohol, sulfur dioxide, terpinyl acetate, vanillin, vinyl pyridine, vitamin E oil, xylene medications: see medication section cosmetics: nail polish, hair spray, perfumes foods: apricot pit, apple, bean, beer, buckwheat flour, caraway seed, carrot, cucumber pickle, egg, endive, fish, flour, garlic, kiwi, lettuce, litchi, maize, mango, meat (chicken, lamb, turkey, beef, liver, pork), milk, mustard, peach, peanut, potato, rice, salami casing (mold), shellfish, soybean, spices, strawberry, tomato, watermelon other: serum (horse, tetanus), rhus, rubber plants: cactus, marine plants, nettles textiles: silk, wool wood: exotic woods |
urticaria, immediate (foods) | fruits: apple, kiwi, peach, strawberry meats: beef, calf liver, lamb, pork, turkey miscellaneous: beer, cheese, egg, flour, milk, salad dressing (sorbic acid) seafood: codfish, lobster, prawns, shrimp vegetables: bean, carrot, lettuce, onion, parsley, parsnip, potato, rice, tomato |
urticaria, non-allergic contact | acetic acid, alcohol, balsam of Peru,benzoic acid, caterpillar hair, cinnamic acid, cinnamic aldehyde, cobalt chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide, insect stings, methyl nicotinate, moths, nicotinic acid ester, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid |
vegetables, eczematous dermatitis | artichoke, asparagus, carrot, celery, chicory, chives, corn, cucumber, endive, garlic, horseradish, leek, lettuce, onion |
vitiligo, contact | chemicals: diisoprophyl fluorophosphate, hydroquinione, mercaptoamines, p-cresol, p-isopropylcathechol, p-methylcatechol, p-nonylphenol, p-octylphenol, p-tert-amylphenol, p-tert-butylcatechol, p-tert-butylphenol, physostigmine, thio-TEPA other: adhesive tape, germicidal phenolic detergents, latex glue, rubber products, shoes, wristwatch straps |
| wool alcohols | Lanolin-derived; a weak, but common allergen. Found in cosmetics (creams, lotions, ointments, soaps). Allergen in T.R.U.E. test. |
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