Associations

acanthosis nigricans

acrochordons, acromegaly, Addison’s d., Bloom’s s., cancer (gastric), Crouzon’s s., Cushing’s d., diabetes mellitus, drugs, gonadal d., hyperandrogenic states, hyperinsulinism, hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism with insulin resistance, hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, Lawrence-Seip s., obesity, polycystic ovary s., pituitary extract therapy, pituitary tumor, pinealoma, polycystic ovary s., Prader-Willi s., Rabson-Mendenhall s., Rud’s s., Seip-Lawrence s., thyroid d., tripe palm, Wilson’s d.

acanthosis nigricans, malignant

adenocarcinoma (bowel,breast, gallbladder, gastric), Hodgkin’s lymphoma, liver, lung, mycosis fungoides, ovaries, prostate

acne

calcinosis cutis, chronic granulomatous d., hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, keloid scars, SAPHO s.

acne necrotica miliaris

professional persons, stress

acne venenata

asbestos, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, cosmetics, crude petrolatum, cutting oil, DDT, heavy coal tar distillates, steroids

acquired perforating disorder

chronic active hepatitis, chronic renal failure, diabetes, hypothyroidism, internal malignancy, liver failure

acroangiodermatitis

AVM, chronic venous insufficiency

actinic elastosis

actinic purpura, colloid milium, nodular elastosis, poikiloderma of Civatte, stellate spontaneous pseudoscars

acute myelogenous leukemia

neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis, Sweet’s s.

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

fatigue, HIV, poor oral hygiene, smoking, stress

Addison’s d.

adrenal hemorrhage, amyloidosis, APECED s., cytomegalovirus, histoplasmosis, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, metastatic carcinoma, pituitary gland dysfunction, primary adrenal gland failure, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, vitiligo

adenoma

Cowden s., Muir-Torre s.

adenoma sebaceum

AIDS

alcoholism/ETOH consumption

dermatologic; flushing, furuncles, leukoplakia, nail changes, nummular eczema, oral carcinoma, griseofulvin intolerance, hyperpigmentation, lichenoid dermatitis, oral changes, palmar erythema, pruritus, psoriasis, pyoderma vegetans, telangiectasia, unilateral nevoid telangiectasia, urticaria

endocrine; hypogonadism, hyperestrogenism, PCT, pseudo-Cushing’s s.

exacerbated diseases; discoid eczema, psoriasis, rosacea

infections; erysipelas, Vibrio vulnificus sepsis, acquired purpura fulminans, pancreatitis, subcutaneous fat necrosis

nutritional; marasmus, kwashiorkor, pellagra, riboflavin (B2) deficiency, scurvy, zinc deficiency

other; coagulopathy, Cullen’s sign, Dupuytren’s contracture, Grey-Turner’s sign, Madelung’s d.

alopecia areata

amyloidosis

familial Mediterranean fever, Muckle-Wells s.

amyloidosis, lichen

Chinese, connective tissue d., eczema (associated with celiac d.), HIV, MEN 2A, Naegeli-Franceschetti-Jadassohn s., pachyonychia congenita, PUVA, radiodermatitis, Riehl’s melanosis, SLE

amyloidosis, macular

Asians, connective tissue d., eczema (associated with celiac d.), MEN 2A, Middle Easterners, Naegeli-Franceschetti-Jadassohn s., nostalgia paresthetica, pachyonychia congenita, primary biliary cirrhosis, PUVA, radiodermatitis, Riehl’s melanosis, scleroderma, SLE, South Americans

amyloidosis, nodular

paraproteinemia, proteinuria

amyloidosis, primary

multiple myeloma (15%)

amyloidosis, secondary

actinic keratosis, Addison’s d., annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma, BCC, Bowen’s d., CTCL, cylindroma, dermatofibroma, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, hidradenitis suppurativa, junctional nevus, lepromatous leprosy, osteomyelitis, pilomatrixoma, porokeratosis, PUVA treated, RA, seborrheic keratosis, syphilis, tuberculosis

amyloidosis, secondary systemic

autoimmune; ankylosing spondylitis, Behçet’s s., IBD, RA, Reiter’s s., Sjögren’s s., SLE

dermatologic; acne, burns, EB panniculitis, ectodermal dysplasia, hidradenitis suppurativa, leprosy, psoriasis, venous ulcer

other; bronchiectasis, Castleman’s d., cystic fibrosis, diabetes mellitus, Hodgkin’s d., infections (recurrent)

anetoderma

acne, AIDS, elastin abnormalities, familial, immunologic defects, MF, syphilis (secondary), varicella, xanthoma

angioedema

B-cell lymphoma, hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis s., SLE, urticarial vasculitis

angiofibroma

adenoma sebaceum, Bourneville’s s., fibrous papules of the nose, oral fibromas, pearly penile papules, perifollicular fibromas, tuberous sclerosis, Vogt triad

angiokeratoma circumscriptum

cavernous hemangioma, Cobb’s s., Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber s., nevus flammeus

angiokeratoma of Fordyce

hernia, lymphogranuloma venereum, prostatitis, thrombophlebitis, variocele

angiokeratomas

Fabry’s d., fucosidosis, galactosialidosis, Kanzaki d., Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber s., sialidosis

angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia

regional LAD, peripheral eosinophilia

angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) elevations

berylliosis, chronic inflammatory d., diabetes mellitus, Gaucher’s d., leprosy, malignant histiocytosis, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection, sarcoid, silicosis, tuberculosis

annulus migrans

acropustulosis, generalized pustular psoriasis, Reiter’s s.

aplasia cutis congenita

4p-syndrome, 13-trisomy s., Adams-Oliver s., Bart’s s., ectodermal dysplasia, oculo-cerebro-cutaneous s.

arthritis mutilans

multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, psoriasis

asthma

IgA deficiency s.

ataxia telangiectasia

carcinoma (biliary, gastric, ovarian), leukemia, lymphoma

atopic dermatitis (see also eczema)

acne (decreased), allergic rhinitis (>15%), anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, asthma, cataracts, chronic granulomatous d., conjunctivitis, eczema herpeticum, exfoliative erythroderma, geographic tongue, growth retardation, ichthyosis vulgaris, keratosis pilaris, Netherton’s d., pityriasis alba, secondary infections, urticaria, xerosis (>50%)

rare associated diseases; acrodermatitis enteropathica, agammaglobulinemia, ahistidinemia, ataxia telangiectasia, hyper IgE s., IgA deficiency s., IgM deficiency s., phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia, Wiskott-Aldrich s., X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton’s)

atopy

allergic rhinitis, asthma, chelitis, conjunctivitis, Dennie-Morgan lines, geographic tongue, ichthyosis vulgaris, IgA deficiency s., keratosis pilaris, Netherton’s s., Staphylococcal infections, urticaria, viral infections (molluscum, HSV), white dermatographism, xerosis

atrophoderma (follicular)

Bazex’s s., chondrodysplasia punctata

atrophoderma vermiculatum

birefringent hairs, Down s., Eisenmenger complex, epidermal cysts, folliculitis decalvans, intra-auricular septal defect, mongolism, neurofibromatosis, Nicolau-Balus s., Rombo s.

basal cell carcinoma

arsenic exposure (arsenic keratoses), amputation stumps, BCC nevus s., Basex s., Bowen’s d., dermatofibroma, DLE, dermatofibroma, epidermolysis bullosa, epidermal nevus, gummas, Hermansky-Pudlak s., hidradenitis suppurativa, immunosuppression, leg ulcers, light skin color, linear epidermal nevi, linear unilateral basal cell nevus s., lupus vulgaris, Merkel cell ca., Muir-Torre s., nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn (5-7%), onchocerciasis, porokeratosis, radiotherapy, thermal burns, Rasmussen s., Rombo s., Rothmund-Thomson s., trauma, stasis dermatitis, sun exposure, vaccination scars, wire rimmed glasses, xeroderma pigmentosa

basal cell epithelioma

porokeratosis of Mibelli

Bazex’s s.

cancer of upper respiratory system; tongue, pharynx, esophagus, lung

Becker’s nevus

developmental defects (spina bifida, breast hypoplasia, limb asymmetry), smooth muscle hamartoma

biliary cirrhosis

hyperpigmentation, jaundice, lichen planus, nail clubbing, nodular xanthoma, palmar xanthoma, pruritus, sarcoid, tuberous xanthoma

birth, lesions presenting at

acrogeria, acrokeratosis verruciformis, aggressive infantile fibromatosis, aplasia cutis, ash leaf macule, blue rubber bleb nevus s., collodion baby (ichthyosis), congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytoma, congenital total lipodystrophy, cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, diffuse and macular atrophic dermatosis, endovascular papillary angioendothelioma of childhood (Dabska tumor), epidermolysis bullosa (Koebner), erythema toxicum neonatorum, fibrous hamartoma of infancy, fibromatosis colli, follicular atrophoderma, generalized congenital fibromatosis, hemangiomas, herpes gestationis, incontinentia pigmenti, infantile myofibromatosis, inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus, infundibulofolliculitis, juvenile hyaline fibromatosis, juvenile xanthogranuloma, lymphangiomas of the alveolar ridges in neonates, mastocytoma, multiple lentigines s., nevus comedonicus, nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (Hoffman-Zurhelle), Peutz-Jeghers s., piebaldism, pili torti, pseudoainhum, self-healing reticulohistiocytosis, stiff skin s., smooth muscle hamartoma, transient neonatal pustular melanosis, verrucous nevus, Waardenburg’s s., white forelock, white sponge nevus

Birt-Hogg-Dube s.

adenoma (colon), pulmonary cysts, renal tumors, spontaneous pneumothorax

Bloom’s s.

adenocarcinoma (sigmoid colon), leukemia, lymphoma, lymphosarcoma, SCC

Bowen’s d.

porokeratosis of Mibelli

bromhidrosis

thiabendazole administration

bullous pemphigoid

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, LE, myasthenia gravis, pernicious anemia, polymyositis, RA, thyroiditis, ulcerative colitis

calcinosis cutis

PACK s.

cancer

breast; ataxia-telangiectasia carriers, Cowden’s s., Peutz-Jeghers s.

esophagus; Howel-Evans’ s.

gastrointestinal; acanthosis nigricans, Cronkhite-Canada s., dermatomyositis, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma s., Muir-Torre s., Peutz-Jeghers s.

ovarian; Peutz-Jeghers s.

pancreas; familial atypical multiple mole melanoma s., Peutz-Jeghers s.

pulmonary; Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis

renal; von Hippel-Lindau d.

thyroid; Gardner’s s., Sipple’s s.

candidiasis, chronic mucocutaneous (associated diseases)

adrenal abnormalities, AIDS, APECED s., biotin dependent carboxylase deficiency, common variable immunodeficiency, dental enamel dysplasia s., diabetes mellitus, DiGeorge’s s., EEC s., hyper IgE s., hypogammaglobulinemia, hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, immunodeficiency, iron deficiency, myasthenia gravis, myeloperoxidase deficiency, Nezelof’s s., parathyroid, polyendocrinopathy, severe combined immunodeficiency s., thymoma, vitiligo

carcinoid s., precipitated by

avocados, cheese, chocolate, eating, eggplant, emotional stress, EtOH, hot beverages/foods, pressure (on the tumor), red plums, tomatoes, Valsalva maneuver, walnuts

Castleman’s d.

HHV-8 (in HIV), POEMS s.

cellulitis

burns, eczema, edema, prior surgery, radiation therapy, tinea pedis

Chediak-Higashi s.

lymphoma

chelitis granulomatosa

Crohn’s d., Melkersson-Rosenthal s., sarcoidosis

chilblains (pernio)

angiokeratoma of Mibelli, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, LE, Northern Europeans

chloracne

erythema nodosum, exposure (chlorinated phenols, cutting oil, dioxin, electrical insulation, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, wood preservative), palmar & plantar hyperhidrosis, porphyric changes

cirrhosis, biliary

PACK s.

cirrhosis, hepatic

hemochromatosis, lichen planus, porphyria cutanea tarda, SLE, Wilson d.

coloboma

Goltz’s s., whistling face s.

Cowden’s d.

breast cancer (30%), fibrocystic breast disease, GI polyps (35%), neurologic disease, ovarian cysts, thyroid cancer (5%)

Crohn’s d.

epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum, exfoliative dermatitis, false + Kveim test, herpes zoster, IgA deficiency, lichen nitidus, LE, necrotizing vasculitis, palmar erythema, polyarteritis nodosa, psoriasis, pustular response to trauma, pyoderma gangrenosum, Reiter’s s., Stevens-Johnson s., striae, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, urticaria, vitiligo, zinc deficiency

Crouzon’s s.

acanthosis nigricans

cryoglobulinemia, essential mixed

autoimmune; Behçet’s d., hypersensitivity vasculitis, RA, Sjögren’s s., SLE

lymphoproliferative; CLL, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

infectious; cytomegalovirus, HBV, HCV, mononucleosis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, toxoplasmosis

CTCL

Hodgkin’s d., large cell lymphoma, leukemia, myeloma, paraproteinemia

Cushing’s s.

acanthosis nigricans, acne, alopecia, ecchymoses, hirsutism, McCune-Albright s., NAME s.

cutis marmorata, persistent

DeLang s., Down s., Trisomy 18

cutis verticis gyrata

acromegaly, Apert’s s., acanthosis nigricans, amyloidosis, leukemia, myxedema, pachydermoperiostosis, Rosenthal-Kloepfer s., syphilis, Touraine-Solente-Gol¾ s., tuberous sclerosis

cylindroma

Ancell-Spiegler s., Brooke-Spiegler s., trichoepitheliomas

Darier’s d.

affective disorders, bone cysts, depression, epilepsy, encephalopathy, Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption, mental retardation, renal agenesis, retinitis pigmentosa, salivary gland obstruction, schizophrenia, testicular agenesis

exacerbation: lithium, sweating, trauma, UVB light

delusion of parasitosis

cerebral atherosclerosis, CVA, drug abuse, endocrinopathies, hemodialysis, medications, pellagra, vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

dermatitis herpetiformis

Addison’s d., diabetes mellitus, gluten sensitivity enteropathy, intestinal lymphoma, iodide sensitivity, LE, RA, thyroid disease, ulcerative colitis

dermatofibromas, multiple

myasthenia gravis, SLE

dermatomyositis

cancer (breast, bronchogenic, ovary, cervix, gastrointestinal, penile, non-melanoma skin), panniculitis (lobular), Raynaud’s phenomenon, sclerodactyly

dermatophytosis, chronic

atopic dermatitis, corticosteroids, Cushing’s d., diabetes mellitus, immunodeficiency, lymphoma

diabetes insipidus

eosinophilic granuloma of bone, Hand-Schòller-Christian d., xanthoma disseminatum

diabetes mellitus

dermatologic; acanthosis nigricans, alopecia areata, anhidrosis, atrophie blanche, bullous pemphigoid, central papillary atrophy, cherry angiomas, clear cell syringoma, dermatitis herpetiformis, dermatographism, diabetic bullae (bullosis diabeticorum), diabetic dermopathy (shin spot), Dunnigan s., EBA, erythrasma (women), erythromelalgia, finger pebbling, foot ulcers, leg ulcers, lichen planus, localized bullous pemphigoid, furuncles/carbuncles, granuloma annulare, hyperhidrosis, knuckle pads, Kyrle’s d., lichen planus, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, necrotizing fasciitis, PXE, palmar/plantar fibromatosis, plane xanthoma, plantar fibromatosis, porphyria cutanea tarda, pruritus vulvae, reacting perforating collagenosis, reticulated erythematous mucinosis, scleredema, seborrheic dermatitis, skin tags, skin thickening, tendinous xanthoma, thrush, vitiligo, Werner’s s., xanthoma disseminatum, yellow skin

infectious; botryomycosis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, chronic paronychia, crusted scabies, erosa interdigitalis blastomycetica, Fournier’s gangrene, malignant external otitis (Pseudomonas), mucormycosis, paronychia (Candida), vaginal candidiasis, Vibrio vulnificus, zygomycosis

nails; paronychia, Beau’s line, leukonychia, onychauxis, onychogryphosis, onycholysis, onychomadesis, onychomycosis, pterygium, pterygium inversum unguis, Rosenau’s depressions, splinter hemorrhages, telangiectasias, Terry’s nails, yellow nail s.

systemic; ataxia telangiectasia, Achard-Thiers s., IgA deficiency, metageria, POEMS s., pangeria (Werner’s s.), Prader-Willi s.

other; glossodynia, gustatory sweating, Lawrence-Seip s., malum perforans pedis, night blindness, non-thrombocytopenic purpura, orodynia, partial lipodystrophy, pathologic gustatory sweating, penile fibromatosis (Peyronie’s d.), perleche, premature aging, rubeosis, subcutaneous fat necrosis, Talwin addiction, total lipodystrophy

dialysis

polyarteritis nodosa, pruritus

Dowling-Degos’ d.

hidradenitis suppurativa, Kitamura’s reticulate acropigmentation

Down s.

acrocyanosis, alopecia areata, angular chelitis, atrophoderma vermiculata, chelitis, cutis marmorata, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, fungal infections, geographic tongue, hepatitis B, leukemia, lymphoma, macroglossia, Norwegian scabies, perforating collagenosis, seborrheic dermatitis, scabies, scrotal tongue, syringoma (eruptive), vitiligo

DSAP

immunosuppressive therapy, p53, phototherapy for psoriasis, SCC

Dupuytren’s d.

alcoholism, diabetes, knuckle pads, liver disease, Peyronie d., plantar fibromatosis, seizure disorders, smoking

dyskeratosis congenita

Hodgkin’s d., leukemia, leukoplakia, nail dystrophy, rectal adenocarcinoma, SCC

dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

absent nails, caries, failure to thrive, melanoma, milia, pseudosyndactyly, SCC, sepsis, scarring, scarring alopecia

ectroprion

Rapp-Hodgkin s.

eczema

ataxia telangiectasia, atopic dermatitis, Bruton’s x-linked agammaglobulinemia, cardio-facio-cutaneous s., chronic granulomatous d., Dubokowitz’s s., episodic lymphopenia with lymphocytotoxin, house dust mite infestation, hyper IgE s., IgA deficiency, IgM deficiency, Leiner’s d., Letterer-Siwe d., leukocyte alkaline phosphatase deficiency, lymphopenic aggamaglobulinemia, phenylketonuria, protein calorie deficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich s., x-linked agammaglobulinemia, x-linked immunodeficiency with elevated IgM

eczema craquele

Hodgkin’s d., myxedema, stomach adenocarcinoma, zinc deficiency

eczema herpeticum

atopic dermatitis, burns, contact dermatitis (chronic irritant), congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, Darier’s d., Hailey-Hailey d., ichthyosis vulgaris, impetigo, mycosis fungoides, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, Wiskott-Aldrich s.

elastosis perforans serpiginosa

acrogyria, Down s., Ehlers-Danlos s., Marfan s., morphea, osteogenesis imperfecta, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, renal d., Rothmund-Thomson s., systemic sclerosis, Wilson d. + penicillamine, XYY s.

elephantiasis

chromomycosis, filariasis, schistosomiasis

endocarditis

reactive angioendotheliomatosis, proliferating angioendotheliomatosis, lupus erythematosus

eosinophilic fasciitis

myeloproliferative disorders

epidermal cysts

Gardner’s s.

epidermal nevus

BCC, SCC, syringocystadenoma papilliferum

epidermolysis bullosa acquisita

bronchial cancer, inflammatory bowel d., lymphoma, multiple myeloma

epilepsy

juvenile xanthogranuloma, Vogt triad

eruptive xanthomas

chronic pancreatitis, hypertriglyceridemia

erysipelas

burns, eczema, edema, prior surgery, radiation therapy, tinea pedis

erythema ab igne

Merkel cell carcinoma, SCC

erythema annulare centrifugum

ascaris, autoimmune disease, blood dyscrasia, Candida, carcinoma, dermatophyte infection, drug sensitivity, Epstein-Barr virus, hypereosinophilic s., Penicillium mold sensitivity

erythema elevatum diutinum

dermatitis herpetiformis, HIV, IgA myeloma, myelodysplasia, prostate carcinoma, RA, streptococcal infection

erythema gyratum repens

dermatologic: ichthyosis (16%), palmar-plantar keratoderma (10%)

malignancy: carcinoma (84%; bladder, breast, cervix, esophagus, lung, prostate, stomach), multiple myeloma

erythema multiforme

infectious; adenovirus, coccidioidomycosis, coxsackievirus B5, hepatitis A virus, herpes zoster, histoplasmosis, HSV, infectious mononucleosis, milker’s nodule, mycobacteria, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, orf, psittacosis, septicemia (gram negative), Streptococcus, tuberculosis, tularemia, Yersinia

other; acute GVHD, contact dermatitis, drugs, leukemia (acute), x-ray therapy

erythema nodosum

bacterial; Campylobacter jejuni, Chlamydia, leishmaniasis, leptospirosis, Streptococcus, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, Whipple’s d., Yersinia

drugs; estrogens, OCPs, sulfones

fungal; blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, Trichophyton

malignancy; Hodgkin’s d., leukemia, post-radiated pelvic cancer

miscellaneous; Behçet’s s., Crohn’s d. (2-15%), IBD,Lofgren’s s., pregnancy, ulcerative colitis (4-10%), sarcoidosis

viral; cat-scratch, HSV, mononucleosis, lymphogranuloma venereum, ornithosis, psittacosis

erythromelalgia

primary: gout, heavy metal poisoning, lupus erythematosus, occlusive vascular d., polycythemia vera, neurological d., thrombocytopenia

exfoliate erythroderma

see signs & symptoms section

familial Mediterranean fever

erysipeloid eruption, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, renal amyloidosis, urticaria, vasculitic nodules

Fanconi’s s.

leukemia, SCC of mucocutaneous junction

fibrofolliculomas

Birt-Hogg-Dube s.

fibromas

Gardner’s s.

follicular atrophoderma

atrophoderma vermiculata, Bazex’s s., Conradi’s d., keratosis follicularis spinulosa atrophicans, keratosis palmoplantaris disseminata, keratosis pilaris rubra facei, ulerythema oophyrogenes

follicular mucinosis

CLL, Hodgkin d., Kaposi sarcoma, mycosis fungoides, systemic lymphoma

folliculitis, perforating

acanthosis nigricans, arteriosclerosis, psoriasis

gammopathy

angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, diffuse plane xanthomatosis, erythema elevatum diutinum, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, papular mucinosis, plane xanthoma, scleromyxedema, scleredema, subcorneal pustular dermatosis

Gardner’s s.

cancer (colon, GI), desmoid tumors

geographic tongue

see glossitis, benign migratory

glaucoma

Behçet’s d., nevus of Ota, Sturge-Weber s., Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada s.

glomerulonephritis

congenital lues, phenol, lepromatous leprosy, nephritogenic strains of Group A streptococcus, secondary lues, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, varicella

glossitis, benign migratory

AIDS, asthma, atopy, Down s., eczema, hay fever, HLA-Cw6, LP, normal persons, oral lithium treatment, psoriasis

granuloma annulare (generalized)

carbohydrate intolerance, diabetes mellitus, HIV

granulomatous slack skin

Hodgkin’s d.

Grover’s d.

adhesive tape, allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema, PRP, tinea versicolor, pemphigus foliaceus

Hailey-Hailey d.

allergic contact dermatitis, SCC

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

lupus erythematosus, PSS, Sjögren’s s., hypothyroidism

hematopoietic ulcers

congenital hemolytic anemia, Cooley’s anemia (thalassemia major), cryofibrinogenemia, cryoglobulinemia, macroglobulinemia, polycythemia vera, sickle cell anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura

Henoch-Schönlein purpura

antiphospholipid syndrome, Behçet’s disease, Berger d. (IgA glomerulonephritis), cancer (colon, bronchial, prostatic), cryoglobulinemia, drugs (ampicillin, penicillin, erythromycin, quinidine, quinine) familial Mediterranean fever, hematologic malignancies, hepatitis C, influenza vaccination, lymphoma, monoclonal gammopathy, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, PAN, pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, URI (Group A streptococcus, B-hemolytic streptococcus)

hepatitis

bedbug bites, Chediak-Higashi s., Down s. (more susceptible), X-linked agammaglobulinemia, generalized pustular psoriasis, pyoderma gangrenosum, lichen planus, ketoconazole treatment (rare), Vibrio vulnificus infection, secondary lues, benign cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, polyarteritis nodosa, urticaria, SLE, Wegener’s granulomatosis

hepatitis B

asymptomatic erythematous eruption (chronic), dermatomyositis-like, erythema nodosum, essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, LP, Gianotti-Crosti s., polyarteritis nodosa, pyoderma gangrenosum, serum sickness-like, urticaria

hepatitis C

Behcet s., B-cell lymphoma, canities, erythema multiforme, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, lichen planus, lymphocytic salivary gland infiltration, MALT, mixed cryoglobulinemia (36-45%), necrolytic acral erythema, PN, polyarteritis nodosa, porphyria cutanea tarda, urticaria, vitiligo

hepatitis, chronic active

lichen planus, SLE

herpes gestationis

hydatiform moles, germ cell tumors, Graves d.

herpes simplex, generalized

leukemia, lymphoma, mycosis fungoides

herpes simplex, recurrent

erythema multiforme

herpes zoster

AIDS, breast cancer, corticosteroids, Hodgkin’s disease, immunosuppressive drugs, increasing age, radiation

herpes zoster, disseminated

leukemia, lymphoma

hidradenitis suppurativa

acne (severe), amyloidosis (secondary), anemia, chronic granulomatous d., interstitial keratitis, hypoproteinemia, obesity

HIV infection

infectious; bacillary angiomatosis, candidiasis, condyloma, cryptococcus, Cytomegalovirus, Demodex, dermatophyte, oral hairy leukoplakia, Herpes simplex, histoplasmosis, HIV exanthem, human papillomavirus, Kaposi’s sarcoma, leprosy, molluscum contagiosum, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, Penicillinosis, Pityrosporum, scabies (crusted), Pneumocystis carinii (cutaneous), PRP, Staphylococcus aureus infection, Syphilis, tinea versicolor, Toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, Varicella zoster

miscellaneous; alopecia areata, aphthous ulcers, drug reactions, eosinophilic folliculitis, GA, gingival hypertrophy, hyperalgesic pseudothrombophlebitis, periorbital ecchymosis, photosensitivity (acquired), PCT, premature graying (poliosis), trichomegaly (acquired), vitiligo

neoplastic; BCC, extramedullary plasmacytoma, lymphoma, SCC

papulosquamous; balanitis circinata, exfoliative erythroderma, ichthyosis (acquired), keratoderma blennorrhagicum, pityriasis rubra pilaris, psoriasis, Reiter’s s., seborrheic dermatitis, thrombocytopenic purpura, xerosis

vascular; EED, hyperallergic pseudothrombophlebitis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, telangiectasia, TTP, vasculitis

Hodgkin’s d.

Addison’s d., exfoliative dermatitis, granulomatous slack skin, herpes zoster, mycosis fungoides, pruritus, urticaria

hypereosinophilic s.

dermatographism, EAC, erythroderma, Raynaud’s phenomenon, T-cell lymphoma, vasculitis

hypertrichosis lanuginosa

acanthosis nigricans-like, anorexia nervosa, cancer (bladder, breast, colon, gallbladder, lung, ovarian, pancreas, rectum, uterine), carcinoid, CLL, drugs, follicular hyperkeratosis, glossitis, ichthyosis, lymphoma, nail pitting, palmar-plantar keratoses, subungual epidermal hyperplasia

ichthyosis hystrix

aminoaciduria, anaphylaxis (to food), asthma, atopic diathesis, epilepsy, IgE elevation, impaired cellular immunity, mental retardation, skeletal abnormalities

ichthyosis vulgaris

atopic dermatitis (50%), cardio-facio-cutaneous s., hypohidrosis with heat intolerance (rare), keratosis pilaris

ichthyosis, acquired

malignancies; carcinoma (breast, cervix, colon, lung), carcinomatosis, Hodgkin’s d., lymphoma (10%), Kaposi’s sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, multiple myeloma, mycosis fungoides, rhabdomyosarcoma

infectious; AIDS, HIV, HTLV-II, lepromatous leprosy

systemic; dermatomyositis, eosinophilic fasciitis, essential fatty acid deficiency, hemochromatosis, hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism, Kwashiorkor, malabsorption, malnutrition, mixed connective tissue d., renal failure (chronic), sarcoidosis, SLE

other; DEB (Cockayne-Touraine), drugs, xeroderma pigmentosa

ichthyosis, recessive X-linked

asymptomatic corneal opacities (50% adults), cryptorchidism (25%), testicular cancer

id reaction

contact allergy, fungal infection, stasis dermatitis

ILVEN

congenital skeletal deformities, internal organ malformations

immunodeficiency

alopecia, eczema, skin infection, lupus erythematosus-like

impetigo herpetiformis

hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia

infantile acropustulosis

scabies

inflammatory bowel d.

annular erythema, aphthous ulcers, bowel associated dermatosis-arthritis s., clubbing, cutaneous Crohn’s d., epidermolysis bullosa, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, fistulae, granuloma, lichen planus, malnutrition, metastatic Crohn’s d., pyoderma gangrenosum, urticaria, vasculitis, vitiligo

juvenile xanthogranuloma

neurofibromatosis type 1 and AML, Niemann-Pick d., seizures, urticaria pigmentosis

Kaposi’s sarcoma

AIDS, angioimmunoblastic LAD with dysproteinemia, Mediterranean Classic: lymphoma

Kawasaki d.

Asians (Japanese), atopic dermatitis (9x risk)

keloids

acne, acromegaly, blacks, hyperthyroidism, Noonan s., pregnancy, Rubinstein-Taybi s., Turner s.

keratoacanthoma

exposure to pitch & tar, HPV-16 & 37, organ transplant, smoking, sun exposure, Muir-Torre’s s., xeroderma pigmentosum

keratoconjunctivitis sicca

PACK s.

keratoderma

dyskeratosis congenita, ectodermal defects, hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, Huriez s., KID s., pachyonychia congenita (type II),

keratoderma, acquired

AIDS, dermatophyte infections, diabetes mellitus, myxedema

keratoderma, palmar and plantar

Jackson-Sertoli s. (limited plantar), PRP, psoriasis, Reiter’s s., Richner-Hanhart s., S¾zary s., Steijlen’s s.

keratopathy

chloroquine ingestion, congenital lues

keratosis pilaris

atopic dermatitis, erythrocyanosis, ichthyosis vulgaris, keratosis pilaris rubra facei

Koebner’s phenomenon in psoriasis

endogenous; dermatitis, furuncles, lichen planus, lymphangitis, miliaria, PR, vitiligo, zoster

exogenous; abrasions, acupuncture, irritants, chemical burns, burns, contusions, electrodesiccation, excoriation, fellatio, freezing, incision, laceration, pressure, radiation, rubbing, scrapes, scratches, shaving, skin grafts, surgery, tape, tattoos, vaccinations

Kyrle’s d.

congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hepatic insufficiency, renal disease

lentigines (disorders)

Peutz-Jeghers s., LEOPARD s., lentiginosis with cardiocutaneous myxomas, Touraine’s centrofacial lentiginosis, Tay’s s., Soto’s s., Ruvalcaba-Myhre-Smith s.

leukemia

ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom’s s., Bruton’s X-linked agammaglobulinemia, bullous pyoderma gangrenosum, Cockayne’s s., Down s., ecthyma gangrenosa, erythromelalgia, gangrene, Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis, Norwegian scabies, pernio, Sweet’s s., urticaria, zygomycosis

leukemia (acute granulocytic)

cutaneous extramedullary hematopoiesis, neutrophilic hidradenitis, pyoderma gangrenosum (bullous hemorrhagic), Sweet’s s.

leukonychia

acrokeratosis verruciformis, alopecia areata, anemia, cachectic state, carcinoid s., cirrhosis, congenital, cryoglobulinemia, Darier’s d., dyshidrosis, erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, fungi, gout, Hodgkin’s d., hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, Kawasaki s., lead poisoning, LEOPARD s., leprosy, leukonychia striata semilunaris, malaria, pachyonychia congenita, pellagra, rickettsial infection, sickle cell anemia, sulfonamides, syphilis, tuberculosis, trauma, trichinosis, ulcerative colitis, zinc deficiency

leukopenia

chickenpox, leishmaniasis, measles, RMSF, rubella, SLE

lichen planus

amebiasis, bladder infections, chronic active hepatitis, HBV, HCV, HSV-2, primary biliary cirrhosis (usually post-penicillamine therapy), syphilis, ulcerative colitis

lichen sclerosis

alopecia areata, Borrelia burgdorferi, diabetes mellitus, morphea, pernicious anemia, SCC, thyroid d., vitiligo

lichen simplex chronicus (2°)

atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, seborrheic dermatitis, stasis dermatitis, tinea corporis, xerosis

lichen spinulosis

arsphenamine, gold, HIV, Hodgkin’s d., lichen scrofulosorum, mycotic id reactions, seborrheic dermatitis, syphilis, thallium

lipodermoid tumors

epidermal nevus s.

lipomas

Dercum’s d., proteus s.

livedo

atrophie blanche, cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, DLE, polyarteritis nodosa, PSS, rheumatoid arthritis, secondary syphilis, SLE

livedo reticularis

Drugs: amantadine, quinidine, quinine

Infectious: meningococcemia, pneumococcal sepsis, rheumatic fever, 

Intravascular obstruction: anticardiolipin s., arterial or air emboli, arteriosclerosis, cardiac failure, cryoglobulinemia, dysproteinemia, hematologic stasis, homocystinuria, hypercalcemia, polycythemia vera, primary hyperoxaluria, thrombocythemia

Other: idiopathic

Physiologic: cutis marmorata, decompression sickness, hyperparathyroidism, pheochromocytoma, thrombocytopenic purpura,

Vessel disease: arteritis, collagen vascular disease, dermatomyositis, hyperparathyroidism, lymphoma, PAN, pancreatitis, RA, scleroderma, SLE, syphilis, tuberculosis

Lofgren’s s.

pulmonary infections, sarcoidosis

lupus erythematosus

dermatofibroma, xeroderma pigmentosa

lupus erythematosus, neonatal

anemia, cholestatic liver disease (10%), heart block (50%), leukopenia, pneumonitis, skin disease (50%), splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia (10%)

lupus vulgaris

BCC, SCC

lymphedema

cellulitis (recurrent), congenital, postoperative, post-radiation, malignant infiltration

lymphoma

Duncan’s d., hidradenitis suppurativa, hyperpigmentation, Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis, Louis-Bar s., perioral dermatitis, psoriasis, reticulated erythematous mucinosis, toxic shock s.

lymphomatoid papulosis

10-20% develop MF or Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Maffucci’s s.

pancreatic cancer, chondrosarcoma, sarcoma

medulloblastoma

ataxia-telangiectasia, Gorlin’s s.

melanoma, poor prognosis

age > 50, depth (increasing Breslow's depth), disseminated disease, increased mitotic activity, microscopic satellites, location (head, neck, trunk, hands, feet), males, ulceration

melasma

cosmetics, endocrine disease, female, hepatic disease, Hispanic, neuroleptic medications, nutrition, OCPs, ovarian dysfunction, parasitosis, pregnancy, thyroid disease

meningococcemia

children < 5, military recruits, patients with complement deficiency

milia formation (secondary milia)

acne, BP, bullous lichen planus, congenital, dermabrasion, epidermolysis bullosa, herpes zoster, porphyria cutanea tarda, Rombo s., second degree burn, scar, sweat retention s., topical steroids

Mondor’s d.

breast cancer, breast surgery, excessive physical strain, infection, RA, trauma

monilethrix

cataracts, keratosis pilaris, nail anomalies, physical retardation, syndactyly, teeth anomalies, trichorrhexis nodosa

mononucleosis

Duncan’s d.

Muir-Torre s.

colon, endometrium, GI, laryngeal cancer

multiple myeloma

alopecia, amyloidosis (primary), angioedema, cryoglobulinemia, follicular spicules of the nose, ichthyosiform dermatitis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, petechiae, POEMS s., plane xanthoma, pruritus, purpura, pyoderma gangrenosum, Raynaud’s, scleredema, scleromyxedema, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, Sweet’s s.

multiple sclerosis

erythromelalgia, pruritus

myasthenia gravis

basaloid follicular hamartomas, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with thymoma, lichen planus, pemphigus erythematosus, SLE, trichoepithelioma

mycosis fungoides

actinic reticuloid, alopecia mucinosa, IgM deficiency, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, lymphomatoid papulosis, lymphomatoid pityriasis lichenoides

necrobiosis lipoidica

DM (66%)

necrolytic migratory erythema

celiac sprue, glucagonoma (90%), hepatic cirrhosis, hyperglucagonemia, pancreatitis, zinc deficiency

Netherton’s s.

ichthyosis linearis circumflexa, lamellar ichthyosis, pili torti, trichorrhexis invaginata, trichorrhexis nodosa

neurofibromatosis I

endocrine; acromegaly, Addison d., cretinism, diabetes, gynecomastia, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism multiple endocrine adenomatosis, pheochromocytoma, precocious puberty

neoplasms; acoustic neuroma, AML, astrocytoma, CML, ependymoma, fibrosarcoma, glioma (optic nerve), nephroblastoma, neurofibrosarcoma, ocular melanoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, schwannoma

neurological; deafness, exophthalmos, macrocephaly, mental retardation, seizures, speech impediments

skeletal; kyphosis, pseudoarthrosis, scoliosis, short stature

neurofibromatosis type II

central neurofibromatosis; bilateral acoustic neuromas, meningioma, posterior subscapular cataracts, spinal glioma, unilateral schwanomma

neuroma, mucosal

Sipple’s s.

neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis

AML (100%), breast cancer, chemotherapy (myelomonocytic leukemia), GU tumors, Hodgkin’s d., HIV, lung cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, osteosarcoma, teratoma, testicular carcinoma

nevi

NAME s.

nevi, blue

cardiac myxoma, LAMB s., lentigines, nodular mastocytosis

nevi, connective tissue

Buschke-Ollendorff s., elastosis perforans serpiginosa, pseudoxanthoma elasticum

nevi, elastin

Buschke-Ollendorff s., elastosis perforans serpiginosa, isolated, pseudoxanthoma elasticum

nevi, linear epidermal

proteus s.

nevoid basal cell s.

astrocytoma, craniopharyngioma, fibrosarcoma, medulloblastoma, meningioma

nevus anemicus

neurofibromatosis

alcoholism, chronic liver d., estrogens, OCPs, pregnancy, RA, thyrotoxicosis

nevus comedonicus

BCC, benign eccrine tumors, follicular tumors, trichilemmal cyst

nevus flammeus

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber s., Sturge-Weber s.

nevus of Ota

intracranial melanoma, meningeal melanoma

nevus sebaceous

BCC, sebaceous carcinoma, syringocystadenoma papilliferum, syringoma, trichilemmoma

nevus, halo

dysplastic nevi, melanoma, pernicious anemia, poliosis, vitiligo (20%), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada s.

ochronosis

alkaptonuria

oral cancer

alcoholism, betel nut, iron deficiency, reverse smoking, smoking, syphilitic glossitis, wine

osteolysis

acne fulminans, juvenile hyaline fibromatosis, PSS, systemic nodular panniculitis (Weber-Christian), xanthoma disseminatum

osteoma cutis

Albright’s s., basal cell epithelioma, dermatomyositis, inflammatory diseases, intradermal nevi, mixed tumor of the skin, primary from childhood, scars, scleroderma

osteomyelitis

congenital syphilis, diabetic foot ulcer, mycetoma (Madura foot), secondary syphilis, tertiary lues

osteoporosis

progeria

otitis media

hyper IgE s., Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis, SCID, Wiskott-Aldrich s.

pachyonychia congenita

Sch¬fer’s s.

Paget’s d.

breast cancer (95%)

Paget’s d., extramammary

carcinoma-breast, colon, genitourinary (10%), sweat gland carcinoma (10%)

panniculitis

infection; actinomycosis, blastomycosis, Campylobacter colitis, cat scratch d., Chlamydia, chromomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, gonorrhea, histoplasmosis, leprosy, lymphogranuloma inguinale, mononucleosis,mycetoma, ornithosis, Salmonella, Shigella, sporotrichosis, streptococcal, syphilis, trichophytosis, tuberculosis, Yersinia

other; Behçet’s d., carcinoma, Crohn’s d., drugs, erythema nodosum, fasciitis with eosinophilia, Hodgkin’s d., leukemia, necrobiosis lipoidica, OCPs, periarteritis nodosa, pregnancy, sarcoidosis, sarcoma, Sweet’s s., ulcerative colitis

papillomas, multiple (perioral and mucous membrane)

Goltz s.

papular mucinosis

eosinophilia-myalgia s., neurologic abnormalities, polyarthritis, proximal myopathy

paronychia

acrodermatitis enteropathica, enchondroma, histiocytosis X, mucocutaneous candidiasis, multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, occupations, pemphigus, progressive systemic sclerosis, psoriasis, Reiter’s s., retinoids, Rubinstein-Taybi s., Stevens-Johnson s., SLE, yellow nail s.

pellagra

alcoholism, carcinoid, corn diet, drugs, eating disorder, GI bypass surgery, Hartnup d.

pemphigus erythematosus

bronchial carcinoma, LE, myasthenia gravis with malignant thymoma

pemphigus foliaceus

associations: myasthenia gravis, thymoma

precipitating factors: emotional stress, fatigue, heat, menstruation, sunlight

pemphigus vulgaris

Ashkenazi Jews, colon cancer, Hodgkin’s d., Kaposi’s sarcoma, lymphoma, myasthenia gravis, thymoma (<5%)

pemphigus, paraneoplastic

breast cancer, CLL, Castleman’s d., non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (90%), thymoma, spindle cell neoplasms, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

peptic ulcer d.

telangiectasia macularis eruptive perstans

pernio (chilblains)

angiokeratoma, LE, myelomonocytic leukemia, Northern Europeans

Peutz-Jeghers s.

GI cancer

pheochromocytoma

MEN IIA, MEN IIB, neurofibromatosis, Sipple’s s., von Hippel-Lindau s.

piebaldism

heterochromia irides, Hirschsprung’s d., MR, osteopathia striata, Woolf’s s., Ziprowski-Margolis s.

pityriasis amantacea

psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis

pityriasis lichenoides

HIV, streptococcal pharyngitis, toxoplasma gondii

pityriasis rubra pilaris

HIV

achromia parasitica, confluent & reticulated papillomatosis of Gougerot & Carteaud, obstructive dacryocystitis, seborrheic dermatitis, tinea versicolor

Plummer-Vinson s.

SCC (mouth, pharynx, esophagus) 10%

poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans

acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, arsenism, dyskeratosis congenita, Fanconi’s s., Kindler’s s., large plaque parapsoriasis, lupus erythematosus, poikiloderma congenitale, Werner’s s., xeroderma pigmentosum

polyarteritis nodosa

allergic hyposensitization, drug reaction, familial Mediterranean fever, hairy cell leukemia, HBV (chronic), HIV, inflammatory bowel disease, lymphoreticular malignancies, methamphetamine abuse, mixed cryoglobulinemia, parvovirus B19, post-infectious serous otitis, post-streptococcal B infection, RA, SLE, trichinosis

polycystic ovaries

Stein-Leventhal s.

polymyositis

Sjögren’s s.

pompholyx

atopy, balsam allergy, nickel allergy (26%), nummular eczema

porokeratosis of Mibelli

BCC, Bowen’s d., SCC

porphyria cutanea tarda

carcinomatosis, cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, drugs, EtOH, HCV, hemochromatosis, hepatoma, HIV, Hodgkin’s d., lupus erythematosus, lymphoma, polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, reticuloendotheliomatosis

progressive systemic sclerosis

dysphagia, esophageal stricture, hypothyroidism, pericarditis, pulmonary fibrosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, Sjögren’s s.

pseudolymphoma, B-cell

borreliosis

pseudolymphoma, T-cell

allergic contact dermatitis, drug allergy (phenytoin)

pseudoporphyria

furosemide, hemodialysis, nalidixic acid, naproxen, NSAIDs, pyridoxine, tetracycline

pseudoxanthoma elasticum

angioid streaks (85%), elastosis perforans serpiginosa

pseudoxanthoma elasticum, perforating

angioid streaks of eye (rare), hypertension, obesity

psoriasis

antimalarials, Crohn’s d. (1.6x), diabetes, eczema, gouty arthritis, heart failure, HIV, hypertension, IBD, lichen planus, lichen simplex chronicus, obesity, oropharyngeal infections, seborrheic dermatitis, smoking, stress, ulcerative colitis (3.8x)

reduced incidence; allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, bacterial & viral skin infections, urticaria

psoriasis, erythrodermic

antimalarials, B-blockers, corticosteroids, infection, lithium, NSAIDs, phototoxic erythema

psoriasis, guttate

b-hemolytic streptococcal (S. pyogenes) throat infection (up to 85%), drug eruption

psoriasis, pustular (von Zumbusch)

arthropathy, HLA-B27, hypoalbuminemia (with 2° hypocalcemia), infections, lithium, OCPs, pregnancy, steroid withdrawal

psoriatic arthritis, juvenile

chronic anterior uveitis

psychocutaneous dermatoses

alopecia areata, automutilation, dermatitis artefacta, dermatothlasia, dysmorphic disorder, factitial syndromes, lichen simplex chronicus, neurotic excoriation, prurigo nodularis, psychogenic pruritus, psychogenic purpura, telogen effluvium, trichotillomania, trigeminal trophic s.

pustular eruption

acetaminophen, amoxicillin, ampicillin, calcium channel blockers, carbamazepine, cefaclor, erythromycin, imipenam, nifedipine, ofloxacin, penicillin, quinidine

pustulosis palmaris et plantaris

heavy smokers, high humidity & temperature, osteomyelitis, thyroid abnormalities, tonsillitis

pyoderma gangrenosum

chronic active hepatitis, IBD (Crohn’s d.-16%, ulcerative colitis-15%), leukemia (10%), immunodeficiency, monoclonal gammopathy, myelofibrosis, myeloid metaplasia, myeloma, paraproteinemia, polycythemia vera, primary biliary cirrhosis, RA, sarcoid, SLE, Takayasu’s arteritis

pyoderma gangrenosum, bullous hemorrhagic

myelogenous leukemia (80%)

pyoderma vegetans

ulcerative colitis

pyogenic granuloma

isotretinoin, pregnancy

pyostomatitis vegetans

50-70% associated with IBD

radiodermatitis

BCC, fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, SCC

Raynaud’s phenomenon

connective tissue; CREST s., dermatomyositis, mixed connective tissue d., PACK s., PSS, rheumatoid arthritis,scleroderma, Sjögren’s s., SLE

hematologic; cold agglutinins, cryoglobulinemia, dysproteinemia, multiple myeloma, panarteritis nodosa, paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, thrombosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Wegener’s granulomatosis

medicine; b-adrenergic blockers, cancer chemotherapy, ergots, heavy metal

miscellaneous; bowel bypass s., electrical shock, endocarditis (subacute bacterial), hypereosinophilic s., pilomatrixoma

neurologic; carpal tunnel s., cervical rib s., CNS disease, multiple sclerosis, shoulder girdle compression s., thoracic outlet s.

occupational; occupational trauma, pneumatic hammer use, vibrating machinery, vinyl chloride exposure

systemic; carcinoma, cirrhosis, hypothyroidism, lymphosarcoma, malaria, morphea (generalized)

vascular; arterial embolism, arteriosclerosis obliterans, Buerger’s d., coronary artery d.

reticular erythematous mucinosis

carcinoma (colon, breast), diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thrombocytopenic purpura

rheumatoid arthritis

bullous pemphigoid, cicatricial pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, erythema elevatum diutinum, Felty’s s. (1%), livedo vasculitis, nail ridging & beading, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus vulgaris, pyoderma gangrenosum, Sjögren’s s., subcorneal pustular dermatosis, yellow nail s.

sarcoidosis

Addison’s d., carcinoma, cataracts, EM, EN, erythroderma, glaucoma, Heerfordt s., Lofgren’s s., papilledema, Sweet s., thyroid d., uveitis, vitiligo

sarcomas

Maffucci’s s.

scabies, crusted (Norwegian)

leukemia, lymphoma

schizophrenia

acrocyanosis

scleredema

DM with CAD, monoclonal gammopathy, multiple myeloma, streptococcal infection

scleroderma

lung cancer, Sjögren’s s., Werner’s s.

seborrheic dermatitis (see also eczema)

AIDS, denervation, diabetes mellitus, HIV infection, Leiner’s d., neuroleptic drugs, Parkinson’s d., seizures, sprue

seborrheic keratoses

Hermansky-Pudlak s.

serum sickness

antithymocyte globulin, streptokinase

serum sickness-like

penicillin, sulfa

sickle cell anemia

leg ulcers, melanosis (legs)

Sjögren’s s.

B-cell lymphoma (44x), hypereosinophilic s., necrotizing vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis, RA, Raynaud’s phenomenon, scleroderma, SLE, Sweet’s s.

Sjögren’s s., secondary

cirrhosis (primary biliary), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, hepatitis (chronic active), polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis, RA, scleroderma, SLE

skin tags

obesity, pregnancy

Sneddon-Wilkinson d.

apudoma, CD30 + anaplastic large cell lymphoma, Crohn’s d., hyperthyroidism, IgA paraproteinemia, IgA myeloma, IgG paraproteinemia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, non-small cell lung carcinoma, pyoderma gangrenosum, RA, ulcerative colitis

spider nevus

alcoholism,chronic liver d., estrogens, OCPs, pregnancy, RA, thyrotoxicosis

spindle cell tumors

Danoff s.

squamous cell carcinoma

dermatologic; acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, acrokeratosis verruciformis, actinic keratosis, balanitis xerotica obliterans, chelitis glandularis, chronic sinus tract, cutaneous horn, discoid lupus erythematosus, DSAP, dyskeratosis congenita, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, epidermal inclusion cyst, epidermal nevus, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, epidermolysis bullosa, epidermal inclusion cyst, epidermal nevus, erosive lichen planus (?), erythroplakia, hidradenitis suppurativa, leg ulcers, leukoplakia, lichen planus (chronic oral, hypertrophic), lichen sclerosis, light skin color, linear porokeratosis, luetic interstitial glossitis, lupus vulgaris, necrobiosis lipoidica, nevus sebaceous, perifolliculitis capitis abscendens et suffodiens, porokeratosis of Mibelli, PSS, rhinoscleroma, seborrheic keratosis, speckled leukoplakia, submucosal fibrosis, tropical ulcer, tylosis, wart, warty dyskeratoma, xeroderma pigmentosa, Zinsser-Engman-Cole s.

exposure; arsenic keratosis, betel nut chewing, burn wounds, mineral oils, nicotine stomatitis, paraffin, radiation dermatitis, radiotherapy, radon contaminated rings, snuff dipping, thermal burns, thermal keratosis, UV

infectious; condyloma acuminata, granuloma inguinale, oral florid papillomatosis, osteomyelitis, yaws ulcers (tertiary disease)

neoplastic; Bowen’s d., erythroplasia of Queyrat, Merkel cell carcinoma, Paget’s d., proliferating pilar tumor

other; Fanconi’s d., Hermansky-Pudlak s., Huriez s. (dorsal hands), KID s., Plummer-Vinson s., Rothmund-Thomson s.

squamous cell carcinoma, oral

betel nut chewing, dyskeratosis congenita, EtOH, tobacco use

stasis dermatitis

autoeczematization, lichen simplex chronicus

status cosmeticus

benzoic acid, bronopol, cinnamic acid, dowicil 200, formaldehyde, fragrance, lactic acid, nonionic emulsifiers, propylene glycol, quaternary ammonium compounds, sodium lauryl sulfate, sorbic acid, sunscreen agents, urea

Stevens-Johnson s.

striae distensae

Marfan s.

subcorneal pustular dermatosis

Crohn d., IgA paraproteinemia, monoclonal gammopathies, myeloma, pyoderma gangrenosum, ulcerative colitis

subcutaneous fat necrosis

pancreatic carcinoma, pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocyst

Sweet’s s.

adenocarcinoma (breast, prostate, rectum), ALL, AML (10-20%), autoimmune d. (dermatomyositis, LE, relapsing polychondritis, Sjogren s.), Behçet’s d., carcinoma (gastric, ovarian , testes), chronic granulomatous d., cirrhosis, CLL, CML, erythema nodosum, GCSF, IBD, infections (streptococcosis, yersiniosis), leukemia (hairy cell), lymphoma, monoclonal gammopathy, myelodysplastic s., myeloma, POEMS s., pregnancy, RA, sarcoidosis, thyroid d. (Graves d., Hashimoto thyroiditis), URI, vaccinations

syringoma, eruptive

Down s.

systemic lupus erythematosus

anticardiolipin Ab s., IgA deficiency s., Sjögren’s s.

telogen effluvium

heparin, OCPs

temporal arteritis

polymyalgia rheumatica (50%)

thrombocytopenia

Kasabach-Merritt s., Letterer-Siwe d., SLE, strawberry angiomas, Wiskott-Aldrich s.

thrush (adults)

advanced cancer, AIDS, broad spectrum antibiotics, cytotoxic therapy, dentures, diabetes mellitus, hematologic malignancy, radiation, systemic corticosteroids, thymoma

thymoma

chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, Good’s s., lichen planus (esp. oral), myasthenia gravis, pemphigus erythematosus, pemphigoid, SLE

thyroiditis

chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, IgA deficiency, IgM deficiency

tinea versicolor

Cushing’s d., diabetes mellitus, herpes gestationis, ichthyosis, immunosuppression, malnutrition, OCPs, pregnancy, systemic steroids

toxic epidermal necrolysis

Crohn’s d., drugs, GVH, HIV infection, leukemia, lymphoma, SLE

trichoepitheliomas

Brooke-Fordyce s., Brooke-Spiegler s., Cowden s., myasthenia gravis, Rombo s., SLE

tuberous sclerosis

cardiac rhabdomyoma, cystic fibromatosis (lung), pheochromocytoma, renal hamartoma, sarcoma

ulcerative colitis

erythema nodosum, IgA deficiency, lichen planus, oral aphthae, pyoderma gangrenosum, pyodermite vegetante of Hallopeau, rheumatoid arthritis, vesiculopustular eruption

ulcers

chromate workers, congenital sensory neuropathy, malum perforans pedia, neuropathies

ulcers, lower extremity

abdominal surgery, CHF, diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, injury, Klinefelter’s s., prolidase deficiency, thrombophlebitis

unilateral nevoid telangiectasia

chronic alcoholic liver d. (men), cirrhosis, congenital, estrogen therapy, idiopathic, pregnancy

urticaria (see allergy section)

amebiasis, bullous pemphigoid, carcinoma, cold hemolysins, contactants, cryoglobulins, dermatomyositis, drugs, erythema multiforme, EPP (solar urticaria), foods, inhalants, internal disease, juvenile RA, leukemia, lymphoma, physical factors, polymyositis, psychogenic, rheumatic fever, Schönlein-Henoch s., serum sickness, SLE, Sjögren’s s., TEN, vasculitis (necrotizing)

vasculitis

bacterial endocarditis, bowel-bypass s., mixed cryoglobulinemia, photocopy paper fumes antigens; endogenous antigens (DNA, RF binding to IgG), foods, food additives, infections (hepatitis A, B, C), medications (allopurinol, aminopenicillins, hydantoins, penicillin, propylthiouracil, pyrazolones, sulfonamides, thiazides), proteins (serum sickness), tumor antigens (lymphoreticular or hematopoietic)

vasculitis, cutaneous small vessel

adult T-cell leukemia, AIDS, Behçet’s d., bowel bypass s., cancer (breast, colon, head and neck, lung, prostate, renal), cryoglobulinemia, cystic fibrosis, HIV, Hodgkin’s d., hyperglobulinemic states, lymphosarcoma, multiple myeloma, mycosis fungoides, primary biliary cirrhosis, RA, Sjögren’s s., SLE, ulcerative colitis

vasculitis, leukocytoclastic

drugs & chemicals: allopurinol, aspirin, herbicides, insecticides, iodides, penicillin, petroleum products, phenacetin, propylthiouracil, quinidine, sulfonamides

infections: candidiasis, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis (A, B, C), histoplasmosis, influenza, mononucleosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, streptococcus B

malignancy: CLL, hairy cell leukemia, histiocytic lymphoma, Hodgkin’s d., multiple myeloma, solid tumors

systemic disease: biliary cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, mixed cryoglobulinemia, ulcerative colitis

vasculitis, nodular

large calves, livedo, tuberculosis

vasculitis, urticarial

EBV, fluoxetine, HBV, HCV, IgA multiple myeloma, IgM gammopathy, infectious mononucleosis, metastatic testicular teratoma, mixed cryoglobulins, relapsing polychondritis, Schnitzler’s s., serum sickness, Sjögren’s s., SLE (especially in hypocomplementemic)

vesicobullous eruption of chronic inflammatory d.

AIDS (with mycobacterial infection), Behçet’s d., myeloproliferative disease, RA (severe), Sweet’s s., ulcerative colitis

vitiligo

dermatologic: alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, balanitis xerotica obliterans, halo nevus, Kaposi’s sarcoma, leukotrichia, lichen planus, lichen sclerosis, lichen simplex, malignant melanoma, morphea, premature gray hair, progressive systemic scleroderma, psoriasis, Vogt-Koyanagi s.

systemic: Addison’s d. (2%), AIDS, asthma, ataxia telangiectasia, auditory defects (congenital), biliary cirrhosis, Bourneville’s s., candidiasis (mucocutaneous), common variable immunodeficiency s., diabetes mellitus, Down s., GI malignancy, hypoparathyroidism, IgA deficiency, infection, inflammatory bowel disease, iritis, lymphoma, Maffucci’s s., myasthenia gravis, pernicious anemia, RA, stress, sunburn, Tay’s s., trauma

thyroid d.: Graves’ d., hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, toxic goiter

vitiligo, facial

Alezzandrini’s s.

vitiligo, universal

multiple endocrine neoplasia s.

Von Hippel-Lindau d.

hypernephroma, pheochromocytoma

warty dyskeratoma

immunosuppressive therapy, tobacco chewing

Werner’s s.

fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, meningioma

Wiskott-Aldrich s.

astrocytoma, leiomyosarcoma, leukemia, lymphosarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma

xanthelasma

apo-E2 phenotype, atherosclerosis, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, familial dysbetalipoproteinemia type III, familial hypercholesterolemia, hepatic cholestasis, hyperapobetalipoproteinemia, normolipemic (50%), polygenic hypercholesterolemia, b-sitosterolemia, sporadic hypercholesterolemia

xanthoma disseminatum

diabetes insipidus (33%), MM, osteolytic lesions

xanthoma striatum palmare

biliary cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemia type III & IV

xanthoma, diffuse plane

atopic dermatitis, Castleman d., cryoglobulinemia, CTCL, eosinophilic granulomatosis, leukemia, lymphoma, monoclonal gammopathy, multiple myeloma, paraproteinemia, persistent light reaction, rheumatoid arthritis

xanthoma, eruptive

diabetes mellitus, estrogen, EtOH, familial hyperlipoproteinemia type V, familial hypertriglyceridemia, hypothyroidism, isotretinoin, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, myxedema, nephrotic s., pancreatitis, Von Giercke’s d.

xanthoma, intertriginous

homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (pathognomonic)

xanthoma, palmar crease

familial dysbetalipoproteinemia type III (pathognomonic)

xanthoma, tendinous

b-sitosterolemia, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, diabetes mellitus, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, hyperapobetalipoproteinemia, myxedema, obstructive liver d.

xanthoma, tuberous

hyperlipoproteinemia type II & III

xanthomas

atherosclerosis, biliary disease, CTCL, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, leukemia, lymphedema, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, pancreatitis, renal disease

xeroderma pigmentosum

AK, BCC, lacrimation, leukemia, melanoma, mental retardation, neurological disease, photophobia, SCC