Signs and Symptoms - A to B

abdominal pain

acanthosis nigricans, angioedema, Canada-Cronkhite s., carcinoid s., collagen vascular d., Crohn’s d., Degos’ d., dermatomyositis, Fabry’s d., Gardner’s s., Henoch-Schönlein purpura, herpes zoster, IBD, malignant atrophic papulosis, neurofibromatosis, Peutz-Jeghers s., porphyria (acute intermittent porphyria, ALA dehydratase deficiency porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria, variegate porphyria), ulcerative colitis, Whipple’s d.

abscess, perirectal

chronic granulomatous d.

absent skin findings

see invisible dermatoses

achalasia

Rozychi’s s.

acrocyanosis

familial dysautonomia, oxalic acid

acrodynia

mercury poisoning

acromegaly

acanthosis nigricans, coarse hair, cutis verticis gyrata, hyperpigmentation

acroosteolysis

distal phalangeal necrosis; acrodermatitis continua, Buerger’s d., carpal tunnel s., cervical rib, diabetes, familial mandibulo-acral dysplasia, juvenile dermatomyositis, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, leprosy, myelopathy, perniosis, polyvinyl chloride exposure, psoriatic arthritis, PSS, Raynaud’s d., SLE, systematized mesodermal dysplasia, syringomyelia, systemic sclerosis, tabes dorsalis

adrenal atrophy

Siemerling-Creutzfeldt d.

adrenal failure

histoplasmosis, mucocutaneous candidiasis, paracoccidiodomycosis, tuberculosis, vitiligo

aged appearance

Cockayne’s s., progeria

albopapuloid lesion

generalized dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (Pasini)

allergic shiners

allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis

alopecia

see hair section

anemia

ancylostomiasis, blue rubber bleb s., dermatomyositis, dermatitis herpetiformis, dyskeratosis congenita, erythroderma, erythrocytic porphyria, exfoliative dermatitis, Fabry d., Felty’s s., glossitis, glucagonoma, Hallopeau-Siemens s., hookworm disease, hypothyroidism, kala-azar, Kawasaki d., koilonychia, Letterer-Siwe d., loxoscelism, lupus erythematosus, Osler-Weber-Rendu s., psoriasis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, toxic epidermal necrolysis

anesthesia

NLD

angel’s kiss

fading macular stain

angioedema

ACE inhibitors, adenocarcinoma, anti-C1INH autoantibodies, autoimmune, CLL, cryoglobulinemia (essential), cutaneous necrotizing venulitis, histiocytic lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, idiopathic, IgA myeloma, lymphosarcoma, lymphocytic lymphoma, monoclonal gammopathy, myelofibrosis, serum sickness, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

angioid streaks (“apples”) of eyes

retinal change-tears in Bruch’s membrane of eye; acromegaly, Cowden’s d., Ehlers-Danlos s., hyperphosphatemia, intracranial disorders, lead poisoning, Paget’s d., pituitary disorders, PXE, sickle cell anemia, trauma

anhidrosis

anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, anticholinergic drugs, atopic dermatitis, congenital ectodermal defect, diabetes mellitus, diabetic neuropathy, Fabry’s d., Franceschetti-Jadassohn s., Guillian-Barre s., Helweg-Larssen s., idiopathic, miliaria profunda, multiple myeloma, myxedema, orthostatic hypotension, progressive segmental anhidrosis, quinacrine anhidrosis, Ross s., Sjögren’s s., SLE, systemic sclerosis

annular

drug eruptions, erythema marginatum, LE, mycosis fungoides, secondary syphilis

annular with papules

dermatophytosis, erythema migrans, erythema multiforme, figurate erythemas GA, LE, lichen planus, lupus vulgaris, mycosis fungoides, sarcoid, syphilis (secondary & tertiary), urticaria

annular with scales

dermatophytosis, pityriasis rosea, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis

anodontia

Christ-Siemens-Touraine s.

anorexia

Whipple’s d.

anosmia

Kallmann’s s.

anovulation

Stein-Leventhal s.

aortic stenosis

Williams s.

aphthae

Behçet’s d., Crohn’s d., dermatitis herpetiformis, gluten sensitive enteropathy, HIV, iron deficiency, regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis, vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

aplasia, dermal

MIDAS s.

apple jelly color

red-brown plaque on diascopy; lupus vulgaris

arachnodactyly

Marfan s.

arrhythmias

phenol, Refsum’s d.

arteriovenous fistulas

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber s.

arteriovenous malformations

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias (pulmonary), proteus s.

arthritis/arthralgias

dermatologic; acne conglobata, acne fulminans, allergic granulomatosis, benign cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, cold urticaria, EED, erysipelas, erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, hidradenitis suppurativa, ochronosis, Sweet’s s.

infectious; atypical mycobacteriosis, cellulitis, dengue, gonococcal arthritis, erythema infectiosum, hepatitis, Lyme d., metastatic gonorrhea, meningococcemia, mononucleosis, necrotizing fasciitis, Reiter’s s., rheumatic fever, rubella (adults), schistosomiasis, sporotrichosis

systemic; alkaptonuria, Behçet’s d., cyclic neutropenia, dermatomyositis, gout,

familial Mediterranean fever, familial cold urticaria, familial hypertriglyceridemia (type V), glanders, gout, Haverhill fever, hemochromatosis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis s., juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Katayama fever, Kawasaki’s d., Lofgren’s s., lupus erythematosus, lymphogranuloma venereum, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, mixed connective tissue d., morphea, Muckle-Wells s., multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, pancreatic fat necrosis, pansclerotic morphea of children, phytosterolemia, polyarteritis nodosa, post-cardiotomy s., pseudolymphoma, psoriatic arthritis, PSS, RA, Reiter’s s., sarcoidosis, Schnitzler’s s., self healing juvenile cutaneous mucinosis, serum sickness, SLE, Stevens Johnson s., Still’s d., systemic nodular panniculitis (Christian-Weber d.), thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura, Weber-Christian s., Wegener’s granulomatosis, Werner’s s., Whipple’s d.

arthrogryposis

Johnston’s s.

Asboe-Hansen sign

blister extension when pressure is applied to top of blister; pemphigus vulgaris 

ash leaf spots

hypopigmented leaf-shaped macules; 1; normal persons   2; neurologic disorder  3 or more; tuberous sclerosis (70-90%)

asthma

atopy, Buckley’s s., Churg-Strauss s.

ataxia

ataxia telangiectasia, biotin dependent carboxylase deficiency, Hartnup d., Louis-Bar s., multiple carboxylase deficiency, Refsum’s d., Shapira’s s., Wyburn-Mason’s s.

atherosclerosis

progeria

athletes’ nodules

fibrous tissue mass or cystic lesion from trauma AKA surfer’s nodules

atrichia

see hair section

atrophie blanche

arteriosclerosis, connective tissue d., diabetes mellitus, dysproteinemia, hypertension, idiopathic, stasis dermatitis

atrophoderma, perifollicular

Bazex s., Conradi-Hunermann s., keratosis pilaris

atrophy

acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, anetoderma, atrophoderma, atrophic LP, BCC (morphea-like), corticosteroid use, Cushing’s d., dermatomyositis, DLE, LE, lichen sclerosis, morphea, necrobiosis lipoidica, radiodermatitis (chronic), sarcoid, scleroderma, striae

atrophy, dermal

Parry-Romberg s.

axillary freckling

LEOPARD s., Moynahan s., neurofibromatosis, progeria, Watson’s s.  AKA Crowe’s sign (neurofibromatosis)

bag of worms

appearance; angioma arteriole endothelioma, Dercum’s d., plexiform neurofibroma

baker’s itch

pruritus due to mite bites

balanitis

Reiter’s s.

barber’s pole umbilical cord

alternating red, blue, and white umbilical cord; congenital syphilis

bath itch

water induced pruritus occurring after bathing or showering; hypereosinophilic s., myelodysplasia, polycythemia vera

beak nose

chronic granulomatous d., Hallermann-Streiff s., leishmaniasis, lupus vulgaris, pangeria (Werner’s s.), sclerodermoid GVH d.

birth, lesions presenting at

acrogeria, acrokeratosis verruciformis, aggressive infantile fibromatosis, aplasia cutis, ash leaf macule, blue rubber bleb nevus s., congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytoma, congenital total lipodystrophy, cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, diffuse and macular atrophic dermatosis, endovascular papillary angioendothelioma of childhood (Dabska tumor), epidermolysis bullosa (Koebner), erythema toxicum neonatorum, fibrous hamartoma of infancy, fibromatosis colli, follicular atrophoderma, generalized congenital fibromatosis, hemangiomas, herpes gestationis, incontinentia pigmenti, infantile myofibromatosis, inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus, infundibulofolliculitis,  juvenile hyaline fibromatosis, juvenile xanthogranuloma, lymphangiomas of the alveolar ridges in neonates, mastocytoma, multiple lentigines s., nevus comedonicus, nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (Hoffman-Zurhelle), Peutz-Jeghers s., piebaldism, pili torti, pseudoainhum, self-healing reticulohistiocytosis, stiff skin s., smooth muscle hamartoma, transient neonatal pustular melanosis, verrucous nevus, Waardenburg’s s., white forelock, white sponge nevus

birthmarks

albinism, aplasia cutis congenita, blue rubber bleb s., café au lait spots, cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, epidermal nevi, hemangiomas, hemangiomatosis, hypopigmentation, junctional nevocellular nevi, lymphangioma, Mongolian spot, nevocellular nevi, nevus comedicus, phenylketonuria, sebaceous nevi

black dot infection

***; tinea capitis

black dots, punctate

thrombosed dermal capillaries from transepithelial elimination seen after paring lesion; clots, connective tissue chromoblastomycosis, fungal elements, wart

black heel

shearing injury to heel AKA talon noir

black race, decreased incidence

pediculosis capitis, secondary anaphylactic reactions to insect stings

black race, increased incidence

acne keloidalis, AZT induced nail pigmentation, adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma, alveolar ridge lymphangioma in neonates, disseminated infundibulofolliculitis, focal acral hyperkeratosis, follicular eczema, infantile acropustulosis, lipedematous alopecia, Kawasaki’s s., keratotic papules of palmar creases, Mal de Meleda s., mucinous carcinoma, mycosis fungoides, oral melanoacanthoma, papillary eccrine adenoma, papular pityriasis rosea, penile thromboses, proximal trichorrhexis nodosa, pseudofolliculitis barbae, sarcoidosis, S¾zary’s s., sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, tinea capitis, transient neonatal pustular melanosis, verrucous sarcoidosis

black toe

shearing sports injury to distal (usually 2^nd) toe

blepharitis

atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, EEC s., psoriasis, rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis

blepharochalasis

Ascher’s s.

blindness

cicatricial pemphigoid, onchocerciasis

bloodhound appearance

premature aged hanging skin folds; cutis laxa

blue dermal lesions

BCC, cylindroma, eccrine spiradenoma, desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, hidradenoma papilliferum, infantile neuroblastoma, sudoriparous angioma

blue sclera

agyria, Ehlers-Danlos (Type I and VII, A, B, and C), incontinentia pigmenti, osteogenesis imperfecta (type I and II in children), pseudoxanthoma elasticum (40%), Russell-Silver s.

blue toes

anticardiolipin antibody s., antiphospholipid s., atheromatous emboli, connective tissue d., malignancy, polyarteritis, polycythemia, Raynaud’s d, thrombocytosis, vasculitis

blueberry muffin lesion

petechiae & ecchymoses of newborns; AIDS, congenital CMV inclusion disease, congenital leukemia, congenital rubella, congenital toxoplasmosis, congenital varicella

bombshell eruption

large central papule surrounded by smaller satellite papules; secondary syphilis

bone cysts

basal cell nevus s., keratosis follicularis (Darier’s d.), neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis

bone lesions

Letterer-Siwe d., Hand-Schòller-Christian d., syphilis

bone pain

histiocytosis X, mastocytosis, metastatic melanoma

bossing, frontal

basal cell nevus s., congenital lues, prolidase deficiency, Rothmund-Thomson s.

bottlenose

sign of alcoholic liver d.

brachydactyly

Nicolaides-Baraitser s.

breakfast, lunch, and dinner

three lesions in a row; bedbug bites

bronzing of skin

Elejalde s. (after sun exposure), tuberous sclerosis

buboes

enlarged inguinal lymph nodes; chancroid

bullae, dermoepidermal

dermolytic; dermatitis herpetiformis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophicans, porphyria cutanea tarda

junctional; bullous pemphigoid, junctional epidermolysis bullosa

bullae, flaccid

bullous EM, DH, EB, PCT, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus vulgaris

bullae, hands and feet

arthropod bites, BP, bullous fixed drug, bullous LP, contact, DLE, EB, EM, hand foot and mouth d., herpetic whitlow, hydroa, PCT, photoallergic, phytophotodermatitis, PMLE, Sweet’s s., tinea, Weber-Cockayne s.

bullae, intraepidermal

basal; epidermolysis bullosa simplex, erythema multiforme, lichen planus, lupus erythematosus

granular layer; bullous impetigo, friction blister, pemphigus foliaceus, SSSS, subcorneal pustular dermatosis

spinous layer; eczematous dermatitis, herpesvirus, pemphigus (familial benign)

suprabasal; Darier’s d., pemphigus vulgaris

bullae, neonatal

acrodermatitis enteropathica, bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, bullous impetigo, bullous pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa, incontinentia pigmenti, urticaria pigmentosa

bullae, tense

EBA, herpes gestationis, pemphigoid

bulldog jaw

mandibular protuberance; late congenital syphilis

burning skin sensation

causalgia, dermatitis herpetiformis, epidermolysis bullosa, erythema chronicum migrans, erythropoietic protoporphyria,  familial cold urticaria, glossodynia, heat urticaria, Hodgkin’s d., hydroa estivale, meralgia paresthetica, pellagra, perioral candidiasis, phototoxicity, phytodermatitis, reflex sympathetic dystrophy (causalgia), vulvodynia

burns; lesions arising in

BCC, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, SCC

burrow

scabies (pathognomonic)

butterfly configuration

postinflammatory hyperpigmentation sparing the mid back; hepatobiliary disease

butterfly rash

erythema of nose & cheeks in butterfly shape; Bloom’s s., bromoderma, complement deficiency, dermatomyositis, erythema infectiosum, GVH, homocystinuria, pellagra, pemphigus erythematosus, seborrheic dermatitis, SLE, Sweet’s s.

button hole sign

invagination of lesion with pressure; neurofibroma