Signs and Symptoms - F to H

facial abnormalities

Ambras s., Bloom’s s., cardio-facio-cutaneous s., DiGeorge s., Gorlin’s s., Hallermann-Streiff s., Neu-Laxova s., Pallister-Killian s., Rubinstein-Taybi s., Russell-Silver s., Ruvalcaba-Myhre-Smith s., Sotos’ s., PIBIDS s., Williams s.

facial palsy/paralysis

Heerfordt s., Melkersson-Rosenthal s., mycosis fungoides, Melkersson’s s., Ramsay-Hunt s.

failure to thrive

chronic granulomatous d., homocystinuria, Leiner’s d., Netherton’s s., Omenn’s s., Partingtons s., SCIDs

feet (common foot lesions)

black heel, black toe, callous, clavus, contact dermatitis, digital fibromatosis, eccrine poroma, hyperkeratosis plantaris, infantile digital fibroma, mal perforans, myxoid cyst, piezogenic papules, pitted keratolysis, pompholyx, PPK, pustulosis plantaris, pyoderma, tinea pedis, verrucae

fertility abnormalities

IBIDS s.

fever (skin diseases associated with fever)

acne fulminans, carbuncle, cold urticaria, cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis, dermatomyositis, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, familial Mediterranean fever, familial cold urticaria, LE, Lofgren’s s., lymphomatoid granulomatosis, malignant histiocytosis, Muckle-Wells s., pustular psoriasis, of Reiter’s d. (arthritis), sarcoidosis, Schnitzler’s s., serum sickness s., Stevens-Johnson s., Sweet’s s., systemic nodular panniculitis, TEN, toxic shock s., ulceronecrotic PLEVA, Weber-Christian d., Whipple’s d.

fever & rash, child

dengue, dermatomyositis, erysipelas, gonococcemia, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, hepatitis (acute), hypersensitivity vasculitis, juvenile RA, Kawasaki’s d., leptospirosis, Lyme d., meningococcemia, mononucleosis, rheumatic fever, RMSF, scarlet fever, SLE, Still’s d., SSSS, viral exanthem

figurate erythema

annular erythema of infancy, annular urticaria, bullous pemphigoid, chronic granulomatous d. (carrier mothers),erythema annulare centrifugum, erythema gyratum repens, erythema marginatum, erythema migrans, erythema multiforme, familial annular erythema, LE (annular), mycosis fungoides, necrolytic migratory erythema, psoriasis (annular), tinea

fingerpad infarcts

scleroderma, SLE

fish-mouth wound healing

Ehlers-Danlos s.

fistulas

amebiasis, chronic granulomatous d., Crohn’s d., LGV, lobomycosis, nevus comedonicus, scrofuloderma, sporotrichosis, tuberculosis fistulosa subcutanea

flag sign

bands of light & dark dyspigmented hair; kwashiorkor

flaky paint dermatitis

erosion & peeling skin; kwashiorkor

fleur-de-lis nose

flattened nasal bridge; congenital syphilis AKA saddle nose

flushing

alcoholism, anxiety, blushing, cancer (bronchus, pancreas, renal, small bowel, stomach, teratoma, thyroid), carcinoid s., cardiopulmonary d., cholinergic erythema, disulfiram-like medications, drugs, emotional, foods, harlequin s. (unilateral), horseshoe kidneys (Rovsing’s s.), hyperthermia, leukemia (basophilic chronic granulocytic), male hypogonadism, mastocytosis, menopause, migraine headaches, Parkinson’s d., pheochromocytoma, rosacea, spinal cord lesions

formication

sensation like bugs crawling across skin; delusions of parasitosis

freckling, axillary

neurofibromatosis AKA Crowe’s sign

frog spawn

clustered vesicles; lymphangioma circumscriptum

fugitive swellings

see Calabar swellings

gangrene, digital

arteriosclerosis obliterans, atheromatous embolism, RA, Raynaud’s d.

genital abnormalities

LEOPARD s., Moynahan’s s.

genital ulceration

chancroid, eosinophilic granuloma of bone, fusospirillary infection (erosive balanitis), Hand-Schuller-Christian d., herpes simplex, leukemia cutis, primary histoplasmosis, syphilis

genital, female (common abnormal skin findings on female genitalia)

allergic contact dermatitis, aphthae, bullous erythema multiforme, Candida vulvitis, Candida vulvovaginitis, chancres, chancroid, cicatricial pemphigoid, Crohn’s d., cysts, eczema, fixed drug eruption, granuloma inguinale, HSV, hidradenitis suppurativa, irritant contact dermatitis, lichen planus, lichen sclerosis, Paget’s d., pemphigus vulgaris, pruritus vulvae, psoriasis SCC, syringoma, vulvar fissure, vulvodynia, verrucae

genital, male (common abnormal skin findings on male genitalia)

acquired nevomelanocytic nevi, acrochordon, fibroepithelial polyp, acute scrotum, allergic contact dermatitis, amebiasis, amyloidosis, angiokeratoma, aphthosis, atopic dermatitis, bacterial infection, balanitis, balanoposthitis, BCC, Becker’s nevus, Behc3et’s d., benign epidermal tumor, benign penile melanosis, benign penile lentiginosis, cicatricial pemphigoid, contact urticaria, cutaneous larva migrans, CTCL, dartoic leiomyoma, ecthyma gangrenosum, ectopic sebaceous glands, edema, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, erythema multiforme, erythrasma, extramammary Paget’s d., fixed drug eruption, Fournier’s gangrene, fungal infection, genital verrucous carcinoma, glomangioma, glomus tumor, granular cell tumor, herpes simplex, hidradenitis suppurativa, human papillomavirus, idiopathic calcinosis of scrotum, idiopathic pain, irritant contact dermatitis, juvenile xanthogranuloma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, lichen nitidus, lichen planus, lichen sclerosis lichen simplex, lymphangioma circumscriptum, lymphatic filariasis, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant melanoma, molluscum contagiosum, neurilemmoma, neurofibroma, pediculosis pubis, pemphigus vulgaris, Peyronie’s d., phimosis, paraphimosis, pityriasis rosea, priapism, pruritus ani, micaceous balanitis of Civatte, psoriasis vulgaris, Reiter’s s., sarcoma, scabies, schistosomiasis, sclerosing lymphangitis, scrotal cyst, seborrheic dermatitis, seborrheic keratoses, SCC, squamous intraepithelial lesion, syringoma, trichomycosis pubis, tuberculosis, varicella-zoster virus, verruciform xanthoma, vitiligo

gigantism

Beckwith-Wiedemann s., EMG s.

gingival hypertrophy

Cross-McKusick-Breen s., dilantin, Zimmerman-Laband s.

glaucoma

cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita

glistening dots

retinoscopic finding; Sjogren-Larsson’s s.

glossitis

see mouth & mucous membrane section

goose flesh, permanent

hard nodules around hair follicles; starvation

goose skin

prickled skin; pellagra

grained leather appearance

yellow to tan lichenified plaques; infiltrative mastocytosis

gray patch

discrete, gray, lusterless hair; tinea capitis

gray skin

chlorpromazine administration

grocer itch

pruritus due to mite bites

groove sign

groove between two muscle bundles; eosinophilic fasciitis

growth, increased

acromegaly, Berardinelli’s s., Marfan’s s., total lipodystrophy

growth, stunted

AEC s., Albright’s s., autosomal recessive cutis laxa, BIDS s., Bloom’s s., cardio-facio-cutaneous s., Cockayne’s s., DeBarsy’s s., De Sanctis-Cacchione s., dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, (Cockayne-Touraine), dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (Albopapuloidae type), Ehlers-Danlos s. type VII (arthrocholasis multiplex), Fabry’s d., Fischer-Jacobsen-Clouston s., IBIDS, incontinentia pigmenti, juvenile hyaline fibromatosis, keratosis follicularis (Darier’s), LEOPARD s., leprechaunism, Maffucci’s s., Marinesco-SjØgren s., Morquio, Moynahan’s s., Noonan’s s., Olmsted’s s., pangeria, peeling skin s., progeria, Rothmund-Thomson s., Rubinstein-Taybi s., Rud’s s., Satoyoshi’s s., Schwachman’s s., Shapira’s s., systematized mesodermal dysplasia, Turner’s s., Werner’s s., Winchester s., xeroderma pigmentosa

gumma

ulcerative reaction to treponemes; tertiary syphilis

gynecomastia

aging, Basex s., cimetidine, hemodialysis, hepatic failure, Klinefelter’s s., leprous orchitis, myotonic dystrophy, Nizoral, obesity, paraplegia, penicillamine, physiologic, POEMS s., Silvestrini-Corda s., spironolactone, starvation, systemic steroids, testicular failure, testicular tumors (interstitial cell tumor, seminoma, Sertoli cell tumor, teratomas)

gyrate erythema

see figurate erythema

halo phenomenon

blue nevi, compound nevi, congenital nevi, epithelioid nevi, intradermal nevi, melanoma, neurofibroma, seborrheic keratoses, spindle nevi

hamartomatous polyps

Cowden’s s.

hanging groin

folds of inelastic inguinal skin with LAD; onchocerciasis

harlequin sign

reddened lower half of body & blanching of upper half; infancy (temporary vasomotor disturbance)

head light sign

sparing of nose and surrounding skin; atopic dermatitis

headaches

anti-phospholipids of SLE, cold urticaria, cyclosporine, familial cold urticaria, giant cell arteritis, griseofulvin, indomethacin, nalidixic acid, OCPs, Raeder’s s., TMP-SMX, vasodilators

heart block

atrophoderma vermiculata, Chagas d., Lyme d., neonatal LE, PSS, Reiter’s d., sarcoidosis, SLE

heat intolerance

congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, Franceschetti-Jadassohn s., lamellar ichthyosis

heliotrope rash

violaceous color of eyelids; aldosterone-producing tumors, dermatomyositis, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis

hemangioma

epidermal nevus s., Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber s., Maffucci’s s.

hematuria

Henoch-Schönlein purpura, roseola

hemidysplasia

CHILD s.

hemihypertrophy

Beckwith-Wiedemann s.

hemiparesis

Sturge-Weber s.

hemiplegia

Partingtons s.

hemorrhage

Hermansky-Pudlak s., Letterer-Siwe d.

hemorrhage, gastrointestinal

Peutz-Jeghers s., pseudoxanthoma elasticum

hepatomegaly

exfoliative erythroderma, Sanfilippo’s s., Schnitzler’s s.

hepatosplenomegaly

Beckwith-Wiedemann s., Chediak-Higashi s., exfoliative erythroderma, Griscelli s., hemochromatosis, hypereosinophilic s., Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis, Letterer-Siwe d., mastocytosis s., runting s., TORCH s., Wiskott-Aldrich s.

herald patch

first appearing erythematous plaque; pityriasis rosea AKA mother patch, plaque primitive, primary medallion, primary plaque

heterochromic irides

Fisch’s s., infantile neuroblastoma, nail-patella s., piebaldism, Romberg’s s., Waardenburg’s s.

hirsuitism

see hair section

hoarseness

dominant dystrophy epidermolysis bullosa (Cockayne-Touraine), endemic syphilis (bejel) early secondary stage, Farber’s d., keratosis lichenoides chronica, lipoid proteinosis, pachyonychia congenita, xanthoma disseminatum

hypercarotenemia

dietary, hypothyroidism

hypercortisolism

acanthosis nigricans, acne, atrophic skin, hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, poor wound healing, striae, telangiectasia

hyperesthesia

brown recluse spider bite, diabetes mellitus, erythema nodosum, erythromelalgia, herpes zoster, Melkersson-Rosenthal s., paroxysmal finger hematoma, Raynaud’s phenomenon, temporal arteritis, thrombophlebitis

hyperhidrosis, generalized

acrocyanosis, acrokeratoelastoidosis, acromegaly, atopic dermatitis, acrodynia, acroangiodermatitis, AV malformations, Book’s s., causalgia, dermatomyositis, diabetes mellitus, drug withdrawal, EBS-Weber-Cockayne, epidermolysis bullosa (Koebner), familial autonomia (Riley-Day s.), Gamborg-Nielson PPK, Hines & Bannick s., hyperpituitarism, hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, incontinentia pigmenti, lymphoma, malaria, mal de Meleda, menopause, palmar-plantar keratoderma, Papillion-Lefevre s., pheochromocytoma, pitted keratolysis, pompholyx, pregnancy, shock, syringomyelia, tar melanosis, tuberculosis, Unna-Thost s., Weber-Cockayne s.

hyperhidrosis, localized

blue rubber bleb nevus, eccrine angiomatous hamartoma, eccrine nevus, frostbite, glomus tumor, nevus sudoriferous, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, tinea corporis, tinea versicolor, trichomycosis axillaris

hyperhidrosis, palms & soles

Book s., chloracne, emotional stress, onycholysis, plantar warts, shoe dermatitis, tinea pedis, Unna-Thost s., Zinsser-Cole-Engman s.

hyperkeratosis

Neu-Laxova s., Omenn s., peeling skin s., Refsum’s d.

hyperkeratosis, palms & soles

peeling skin s., Zinsser-Cole-Engman s.

hyperlipidemia

biliary cirrhosis (primary), diabetes mellitus, isotretinoin, multiple myeloma, myxedema, nephrotic s., OCP's, pancreatitis (chronic), paraproteinemia

hypermelanosis

see hyperpigmentation

hyperostosis

SAPHO s., Schnitzler’s s.

hyperparathyroidism

central giant cell granuloma, racket nail

hyperpigmentation

acromegaly, Addison’s d., AIDS, acromegaly, amyloidosis, arsenic ingestion, asthma, carcinoid s., cirrhosis, Cushing’s d., dermatomyositis, drugs, ependymoma, erythema dyschromicum perstans, erythema multiforme, folate/B12 deficiency, Grave’s d., GVHD, hemochromatosis, hemodialysis, Hodgkin’s d., hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, IVDA, infection (malaria, kala-azar, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis), kwashiorkor, lichen planus, lymphoma, melasma, menses, metastatic malignant melanoma, morphea, Nelson’s s., neoplasia, nevus of Ito/Ota, pellagra, pemphigus vulgaris, pheochromocytoma, phyrnoderma, POEMS s., porphyria cutanea tarda, pregnancy, PSS, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, Schilder’s d., schizophrenia, scurvy, sprue, Still’s d., Vagabond’s d., variegate porphyria, visceral leishmaniasis, vitamin B12 deficiency, Whipple’s d., Wilson’s d.

hyperpigmentation, Addison disease-like

Addison’s d., ACTH administration, acromegaly, AIDS, carcinoid, cirrhosis, Cushing’s s., hepatolenticular degeneration, hyperthyroidism, lymphoma, Nelson’s s. (ACTH producing), pheochromocytoma, POEMS s., PCT, Schilder’s d., scleroderma, Siemerling-Cruezfeldt d., Still’s d.

hyperpigmentation, blue

blue nevus, Carleton-Biggs s., Levene’s s., melanoma, Mongolian spots, nevus of Ota, nevus of Ito

hyperpigmentation, dermal

melanocytotic: blue melanocytotic nevus, Carleton-Biggs s., Levene’s s., Mongolian spot, nevus of Ito, nevus of Ota

melanotic: chronic nutritional deficiency, erythema ab igne, erythema dyschromicum perstans, fixed drug eruption, Franceschetti-Jadassohn s., hemochromatosis, incontinentia pigmenti, macular amyloidosis, melanoma, melasma, Parry-Romberg s., pinta, post-inflammatory, Riehl’s melanosis

non-melanotic: alkaptonuria, drugs, heavy metals, ochronosis, tattoos

hyperpigmentation, melanocytotic

centrofacial neurodysraphic lentiginosis, lentigines, lentigo, LEOPARD s., Moynahan’s s., Peutz-Jeghers s., PUVA tan, solar lentigo, Sotos’ s., UV tan

hyperpigmentation, melanotic

chemical: arsenic, berloque dermatitis, bleomycin, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil (systemic), nitrogen mustard (topical), psoralen, tar

developmental: acropigmentation of Dohi, acropigmentation of Kitamura, Becker’s melanosis, café-au-lait macule (Albright’s s., Bloom’s s., gastrocutaneous s., neurofibromatosis, Silver-Russell s., Watson’s s., Westerhof’s s.), carbon baby s., dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis, Dowling-Degos d., dyskeratosis congenita, ephelides, familial periorbital hyperpigmentation, familial progressive hyperpigmentation, Fanconi’s s., human chimera, ichthyosis nigricans, LAMB s., NAME s., neurocutaneous melanosis, nevus spilus, POEMS s., Siemerling-Creutzfeldt d.

endocrine: ACTH and MSH producing tumors, ACTH therapy, Addison’s d., Carney’s complex s., estrogen therapy, melasma, pregnancy

inflammatory: atopic dermatitis, DLE, lichen planus, lichen simplex, postinflammatory melanosis, psoriasis, tinea versicolor

metabolic: Gaucher’s d., hemochromatosis, hepatolenticular degeneration, Niemann-Pick d., PCT

miscellaneous: chronic hepatic insufficiency, Cronkhite-Canada s., scleroderma, Whipple’s s.

neoplastic: acanthosis nigricans (associated with adenocarcinoma, lymphoma), mastocytosis, melanoma

nutritional: Kwashiorkor, pellagra, sprue, vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

physical: trauma, UV tan

hyperpigmentation, postinflammatory

atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, exanthems, drug eruptions, primula, rhus dermatitis, stasis dermatitis

hyperpigmentation, reticulated

Dowling-Degos d., dyskeratosis congenita, Franceschetti-Jadassohn s., Kitamura s., Partingtons s., progeria, Zinsser-Cole-Engman s.

hypersplenism

Tay’s s.

hypertelorism

basal cell nevus s., cri du chat s., LEOPARD s., neurofibromatosis, Noonan’s s., thymic hypoplasia, Pallister-Killian s.

hypertension

cyclosporine, giant cell arteritis, livedo reticularis, neurofibromatosis, nodular vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, SLE

hyperthyroidism

acanthosis nigricans, alopecia, alopecia areata, clubbing, dermatographism, flushing, herpes gestationis, hyperhidrosis, koilonychia, onycholysis, pigmented eyelids, onycholysis, palmar erythema, hyperhidrosis, hyperpigmentation, myxedema (pretibial), McCune-Albright s., onycholysis, Plummer’s nail, pruritus, reticulated erythematous mucinosis, telangiectasia, urticaria, vitiligo

hypertrichosis

see hair section

hypocortisolism

hyperpigmentation, loss of axillary hair, mucocutaneous candidiasis, vitiligo

hypodontia

Schopf-Schulz-Passarge s., Seckel’s s.

hypogonadism

ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom’s s., Crandall’s s., DeSanctis Cacchione s., Fanconi’s s., hemochromatosis, Kallmann’s s., Klinefelter’s s., Moynahan’s s., Noonan’s s., pangeria (Werner’s s.), Prader-Willi s., Rothmund-Thomson s., Rud’s s., Silvestrini-Corda s., xeroderma pigmentosa

hypohidrosis

acquired ichthyosis, Basex s., congenital sensory neuropathy, cretinism, Fabry’s d., Franceschetti-Jadassohn s., hypothyroidism, leprosy, lichenoid drug eruption, NLD, PSS, post-miliarial hypohidrosis, progeria, sciatic injury, Sjögren’s s., striate keratoderma, sunburn, trench foot

hypohidrosis, localized

blue rubber bleb nevus, causalgia, glomus tumor, Goplan’s d., pachydermoperiostosis, painful pretibial myxedema, POEMS s.

hypomelanosis

see hypopigmentation

hypoparathyroidism

Rothmund-Thomson s.

hypopigmentation

Addison’s d., antimalarials, chronic protein deficiency, GVHD, halo nevus, hypopituitarism, Kwashiorkor, malignant melanoma, monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone, para-tertiary butyl phenol, pernicious anemia, post-inflammatory hypopigmentation, post kala-azar dermal leishmanoid, SCLE, selenium deficiency, systemic steroid administration, thyroid d., vitiligo

hypopigmentation, melanocytopenic

chemical: catechols, monobenzylether of hydroquinone, p-substituted phenols, sulfhydryls

dietary: vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

genetic: ataxia telangiectasia, piebaldism, phenylketonuria, Vitiligo (Alezzandrini’s s., idiopathic, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada s.), Waardenburg’s s., Woolf’s s., xeroderma pigmentosa, Ziprokowski-Margolis s.

inflammatory: actinic reticuloid, mycosis fungoides, onchocerciasis, pityriasis lichenoides chronicus, pinta, yaws

miscellaneous: alopecia areata, scleroderma

neoplastic: halo nevus, leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum

physical: burns, trauma

hypopigmentation, melanopenic

albinism: Type I OCA; A; tyrosinase negative, B; yellow, MP; minimal pigment, TS; temperature sensitive

Type II OCA; tyrosinase positive, unclassified

Type III OCA; Chediak-Higashi s., Cross-McKusick-Breen s., Griscelli s., Hermansky-Pudlak s., rufous, BADS s., canities premature, Fanconi’s s., histidinemia, homocystinuria, Horner’s s., hypomelanosis of Ito and mosaicism, Menkes’ kinky hair, nevus depigmentosus, tuberous sclerosis

chemical: arsenic, chloroquine, glucocorticoids, hydroxychloroquine, hydroquinone, mercaptoethylamines, retinoids

endocrine: Addison’s d., hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism

iatrogenic: post dermabrasion, post laser

inflammatory: leprosy, pityriasis alba, postinflammatory (discoid lupus, eczema, psoriasis), post Kala-azar, sarcoidosis, syphilis, tinea versicolor
metabolic: Alpert’s s., chromosomal 5p defect, osteopathic striae, prolidase deficiency

miscellaneous: canities, Horner’s s., idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis, Vagabond’s leukoderma

neoplastic: melanoma

nutritional: chronic protein loss, Kwashiorkor, malabsorption, nephrosis, ulcerative colitis

hypopigmentation, non-melanotic

anemia, edema, nevus anemicus, Woronoff’s ring

hypopigmentation, perifollicular

Darier’s d., Grover’s d., tinea versicolor, vitiligo

hypopigmentation, postinflammatory

alopecia mucinosa, atopic dermatitis, CTCL, DLE, eczema, psoriasis, guttate parapsoriasis, lichen planus, lichen sclerosis, lichen striatus, pityriasis lichenoides chronica, seborrheic dermatitis

hypopyon

pustule with clear fluid above dependent pus; Sneddon-Wilkinson d.

hypotension

Addison’s d., toxic shock s.

hypothermia

Hines & Bannick s.

hypothyroidism

acanthosis nigricans, cutis verticis gyrata, dermatographism, eruptive xanthoma, erythema ab igne, hypercarotenemia, keratosis pilaris macroglossia, myxedema, onycholysis, POEMS s., reticulated erythematous mucinosis

hypotonia

Elejalde s.

hystrix

porcupine-like (hyperkeratosis); ichthyosis hystrix of Curth & Macklin